APUSH Period 4 test Flashcards
Abolitionist
The support for complete immediate and uncompensated into slavery
American System
An economic region pioneered by Henry Clay I created the high tariffs to support internal improvements such as Road building. This approach was intended to allow the United States to grow and prosper by themselves. This would have been truly helped America industrialize and become an economic
Temperance
Evangelical protest created in 1826; they followed Lyman Beecher in The Mending total abstinence from alcohol. They didn’t announce the evil of drinking and promoted the explosion of drinkers from church
Andrew Jackson
- The first president from the west and he represented many of the characteristics of the West Jackson appealed to the Common Man and was said to be one. He believes in the strength of the union and the supremacy of the federal government over the state
Eli Whitney
American inventor who perfected the cotton gin, consequently revolutionizing the cotton industry.
Erie Canal
The 350-mile canal stretching from Buffalo to Albany, and revolutionize shipping in New York state
Henry Clay
Distinguished senator from Kentucky he was a strong supporter of the American system, a war hawk for the War of 1812, Speaker of the House of Representatives, and known as the Great compromiser. (responsible for the Missouri Compromise)
Suffrage
the right to vote in political elections
Marbury v. Madison
a landmark U.S. Supreme Court case that established the principle of judicial review in the United States, meaning that American courts have the power to strike down laws and statutes that they find to violate the Constitution of the United States.
Jacksonian Democrats
a 19th-century political philosophy in the United States that expanded suffrage to most white men over the age of 21, and restructured a number of federal institutions
Whigs
a member of the British reforming and constitutional party that sought the supremacy of Parliament and was eventually succeeded in the 19th century by the Liberal Party.
Second national bank
the second federally authorized Hamiltonian national bank in the United States
Internal improvements
public works from the end of the American Revolution through much of the 19th century, mainly for the creation of a transportation infrastructure: roads, turnpikes, canals, harbors and navigation improvements
Tariff of abominations
sought to protect northern and western agricultural products from competition with foreign imports; however, the resulting tax on foreign goods would raise the cost of living in the South and would cut into the profits of New England’s industrialists
Market revolution
a theory in which the United States shifted from a traditional, moral economy to a more modern free-market capitalist system
Second Great Awakening
American Protestant Christians’ beliefs changed during the early 19th century in a period known as the Second Great Awakening. Marked by a wave of enthusiastic religious revivals, the Second Great Awakening set the stage for equally enthusiastic social reform movements, especially abolitionism and temperance
Utopian movements
followed the principles of simplicity, celibacy, common property, equal labor and reward espoused by their founder Mother Ann Lee. Religious and Utopian communities dotted the countryside during the 1800s.
Romanticism
a movement in the arts and literature that originated in the late 18th century, emphasizing inspiration, subjectivity, and the primacy of the individual
Perfectionism
Perfectionism was a manifestation of the mid-19th-century enthusiasm for liberal social and religious beliefs that particularly affected New England, and was allied in temperament to the spirit that created Millerism, Shaker communities, Come-outers, and even Transcendentalism
Gradual emancipation
Gradual emancipation was a legal mechanism used by some states to abolish slavery over a period of time, such as An Act for the Gradual Abolition of Slavery of 1780 in Pennsylvania
Seneca Falls convention
the first woman’s rights convention. It advertised itself as “a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of women ‘’.
John Marshall
an American politician and lawyer who served as the fourth Chief Justice of the United States from 1801 until his death in 1835
William Lloyd Garrison
a prominent American Christian, abolitionist, journalist, suffragist, and social reformer
Frederick Douglass
an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. After escaping from slavery in Maryland, he became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, becoming famous for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings
Henry David Thoreau
an American naturalist, essayist, poet, and philosopher. A leading transcendentalist, he is best known for his book Walden, a reflection upon simple living in natural surroundings, and his essay “Civil Disobedience”, an argument for disobedience to an unjust state
Joseph Smith
an American religious leader and founder of Mormonism and the Latter Day Saint movement.
Era of Good Feelings
- marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812
Corrupt Bargain
the House elected John Quincy Adams over rival Andrew Jackson. It was widely believed that Clay, the Speaker of the House, convinced Congress to elect Adams, who then made Clay his Secretary of State.
Spoils system
the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.
Interchangeable parts
are parts (components) that are identical for practical purposes. They are made to specifications that ensure that they are so nearly identical that they will fit into any assembly of the same type.
Separate spheres
a social phenomenon within modern societies that feature, to some degree, an empirical separation between a domestic or private sphere and a public or social sphere.
Cotton gin
a machine that quickly and easily separates cotton fibers from their seeds, enabling much greater productivity than manual cotton separation
Lowell girls
young female workers who came to work in textile mills in Lowell, Massachusetts, during the Industrial Revolution in the United States. The workers initially recruited by the corporations were daughters of New England farmers, typically between the ages of 15 and 35
John Deere
an American blacksmith and manufacturer who founded Deere & Company, one of the largest and leading agricultural and construction-equipment manufacturers in the world.
National road
the first major improved highway in the United States built by the federal government. Built between 1811 and 1837, the 620-mile road connected the Potomac and Ohio Rivers and was a main transport path to the West for thousands of settlers
King cotton
a slogan that summarized the strategy used before the American Civil War by secessionists in the southern states to claim the feasibility of secession and to prove there was no need to fear a war with the northern states
Louisiana purchase
the purchase of imperial rights to the western half of the Mississippi River basin from France by the United States in 1803
Monroe doctrine
warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
Missouri Compromise
admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state
Trail of Tears
the Cherokee nation was forced to give up its lands east of the Mississippi River and to migrate to an area in present-day Oklahoma
Indian removal act
authorizing the president to grant lands west of the Mississippi in exchange for Indian lands within existing state borders
Battle of tippecanoe
victory of a seasoned U.S. expeditionary force under Major General William Henry Harrison over Shawnee Indians led by Tecumseh’s brother Laulewasikau (Tenskwatawa), known as the Prophet.
Adam-onis Treaty
the United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest.
Locally champian local man, immigrant, and voting rights
Democrat
Jackson created monitary system baised on charter banks
Panic of 1837
William Lloyd Garrison and anti slave society
advocated the freeing of slaves w/o paying owners
Political debates were least affected by
White man suffrage
Best categorized the advocates who attended seneca falls convention
Womens rights
States rights based on
South Carolina ordinates of nulifacation
John C Calhoun said slavery was a
Positive good
The expansion of market economy is reflected on
expansions of roads and transportations
Which group strongly advocated for sending back to Africa
American Colonization Party
Republican motherhood advocated for
instilling good morals in their children
Reform movements led their orgins in all but
Monroe Doctrine
A response to religous intolerance
The mormon journey westward
Malbury vs Madison what president was established
Judicial review
A direct effect of the Second Great Awakening
Womens participation in reforms
Andrew Jackson vetoed the BUS because
It gave too much power to little people
War of 1812 was not fought because
to prevent France from recapturing the Lousiana territory
the role of women in domesticity had its roots in
republican motherhood
Reform movements led to origins in all but
Monroe Doctrine
Most young women who worked in a mill experienced all but
continued employment
Which is true about John Marshall and Mullock vs Maryland case
increased federal authority
Most common way slaves rebelled
Working slowly and breaking tools
What did the Missouri Compromise do
Maine was a free state
