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apush midterm csv Flashcards

1
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Land Bridge

A

The theory that Native Americans reached North America by walking across a land bridge made of ice

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2
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Encomienda System

A

A formal system of forced labor in spanish colonists in Latin America under this system indigenous americans were forced to pay tribute to colonists with food, cloth, minerals, and laborers

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3
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Columbian Exchange

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the process of plants, animals, diseases, people, ad ideas being transferred and traded between Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Americas

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4
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Early Americas and Colonial Events - Conquistadores

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Spanish explorers

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5
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Treaty of Tordesillas

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The agreement between Spain and Portugal dividing the right to colonize all the land outside of Europe

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6
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Colonists Motives

A

Colonists wanted political liberty, religious freedom, and economic opportunity

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7
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Growth of Slavery

A

Slavery grew in the colonies because the colonists needed workers who were natives to work on the cash crop fields this led to an influx of African slaves because they were already exposed to European diseases making disease less of an issue

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8
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Bartolome de las Casas

A

An early spanish historian who was the first to expose the oppression of the indigenous people by Europeans in the Americas and called for the abolition of slavery in the Americas

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9
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Valladolid Debate

A

A moral and theological debate held in Valladolid about the conquest of the Americas and the justification of catholicism conversions

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10
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Juan Ginés de Sepúlved

A

A humanist lawyer who justified the treatment of natives saying they were “natural slaves” and that spanish presence would benefit them in New World

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11
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Black Legend

A

A style of propaganda that criticized the Spanish Empire which accused them of cruelty and intolerance

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12
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Puritan Beliefs

A

Puritans believed that God expected them to live according to scriptures and set a good example that would cause those in Europe to change their sinful ways

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13
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Religious Tolerance

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Unlike Europe in the Americas there was religious tolerance hence why people fled to the Americas to flee religious persecution

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14
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Roger Williams

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He founded the Providence Plantations which became colony of Rhode Island

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15
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Jonathan Edwards

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A congregationalist pastor in one of the most significant churches in New England and remained an influential philosophical theologian

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16
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - George Whitefield

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He ignited the first Great Awakening, a major religious revival that changed the way people experienced and viewed God

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17
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Colonial Government

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Colonial legislature was elected by property holding men while governors were appointed by the kind and had almost complete authority

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18
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Jamestown

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Economic empire most grew tobacco (in Virginia)

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19
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Plymouth

A

Used for agriculture, fishing, and trading (Southeast of Boston)

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20
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Indentured Servants

A

A form of labor where an individual is contracted to work without a salary to repay an indentured loan within a certain timeframe (many people worked as indentured servants to work off having their passage to America paid for)

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21
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Navigation Laws

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Acts of Parliament intended to promote self-sufficiency of the British Empire by restricting colonial export to England decreasing the colonies dependence on foreign imported goods

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22
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Mercantilism

A

A form of economic nationalism that is used to increase the prosperity and power of a nation through restricting trade practices

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23
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Headright System

A

A legal grant of land that is given to settlers during the period of European colonization

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24
Q

Early Americas and Colonial Events - Bacon’s Rebellion

A

The first uprising in the American colonies (it happened in Virginia because Bacon wanted to remove all the natives from the colony)

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25
Early Americas and Colonial Events - Mayflower Compact
An agreement created by the Mayflower passengers that bound the signers to obey the government and legal system established in the Plymouth Colony
26
Early Americas and Colonial Events - Great Awakening
A period when spirituality and religious devotion was revived in the American colonies from the 1730s-1770s
27
Early Americas and Colonial Events - Salem Witch Trials
Over 200 people were accused of practicing witchcraft in Salem Massachusetts
28
Early Americas and Colonial Events - House of Burgesses
The first democratically elected legislative body in the British American colonies
29
Early Americas and Colonial Events - Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
Stated that the powers and limits of government and the Fundamental Orders was officially formed under the guidance of God unlike the Constitution of today
30
Early Americas and Colonial Events - John Peter Zenger Trial
John Peter Zenger was on trial for libel but after the defense by Andrew Hamilton the jury acquitted Zenger
31
World War II - Neutrality Act of 1939
This act lifted the arms embargo (ban on trading arms) and allows the U.S. to start trading arms with belligerent countries (G.B. and France) through cash and carry (U.S. isn't isolated and is now trading cause Germany invaded Poland)
32
World War II - War Production Board (WPB)
Regulated the production, manufacturing, and allocation (distribution) of wartime goods (In charge of creating war shit and getting it to where it needs to be)
33
World War II - Office of Price Administration (OPA)
Created a max price on goods and limited the consumption of these goods (rations) (making sure people are rationing their shit)
34
World War II - National War Labor Board (NWLB)
Responsible for settling labor disputes to prevent strikes in the war industries (there to make sure production runs smoothly at home)
35
World War II - Smith-Connally Act
Allows the federal government to seize and operate industries that threaten war production due to work strikes (fuck you and your business if you’re not helping the war effort the government will do it)
36
World War II - Volunteer Service (WAVES)
Women made bandages, knitted/sewed clothes for soldiers, and ran canteen services for troops (women helping where they can or not in factories)
37
World War II - London Economic Conference
66 nations had a conference in London to organize and stabilize international currency rates but FDR pulled the U.S. out of it furthering the economic crisis around the world (66 countries wanted a stable world economy FDR was didn’t join in)
38
World War II - Douglas MacArthur
The general who commanded forces in the Pacific area on Asia he got the Medal of Honor (bros a good general and he’s decorated he’s more important in the 50s tho
39
Cold War - General Douglas MacArthur
He commanded troops during the Korean War he pushed North Korean forces back to the Yalu River he suggested bombing cities in China that were thought to be aiding North Korea and Truman fires him for this idea which Americans didn’t love (very decorated general offers a strategy to end the war quicker Truman doesn’t like it and dismissed him for insubordination)
40
Cold War - Whittaker Chambers
An American writer and intelligence agent who denounced his communism spying testified that Alger Hiss was secretly a communist while in federal service but Hiss denied this accusation (The Red Scare or the communist scare is going through the United States)
41
Cold War - Joe McCarthy
Senator Joseph McCarthy launched the House of Un-American Committee (HUAC) which investigated citizens with ties to communism (he created HUAC to make sure Americans aren’t communist but who they accuse isn’t always correct)
42
Cold War - Allen Dulles
United States deputy director of the Central Intelligence Agency and one of the essential creator of the modern CIA (helped create todays CIA)
43
Cold War - Fidel Castro
Communist Dictator “President” of Cuba
44
Cold War - Nikita Khrushchev
Former president of the Soviet Union who denounced Stalin’s crimes and started a policy of de-Stalinization the Soviet Union and was inconsistent with communist ideology (he took over after Stalin and continued the Soviet Union he also funded the space program and he helped Cuba by placing missiles in Cuba to deter the U.S.)
45
Cold War - McCarthyism
The political practice of publicly accusing federal government employees of being communists leading to people being blacklisted and losing their jobs regardless of the amount of information or lack thereof (The Red Scare is now getting americans to accuse others of being communists even if there isn’t enough evidence to back that)
46
1950's - Fair Deal
A list of proposals put forth by Truman as an agenda to continue FDR’s New Deal policies (Truman wanted to address the economic inequalities and social justice but was shot down by Congress)
47
1950's - Taft-Hartley Act
Prohibits certain union practices and requires the disclosure of certain financial and political activities by unions (outlawed union shop and made labor unions liable for damages effectively slowing organized labor)
48
1950's - “I like Ike”
Eisenhower’s campaign slogan in 1952
49
1950's - GI Bill of Rights
Provided WWII vets with funds for college education, unemployment insurance, and housing (helped WW2 vets who are coming home)
50
1950's - Billy Graham
An evangelical preacher who preached the gospel through radio and tv (religious revival people like church again i guess)
51
1950's - Allen Ginsberg
An American poet who wrote Howl in ‘56 which was the most significant product of the Beat movement
52
1950's - Neal Cassidy
A major figure within the Beat generation and movement
53
1950's - J.D. Salinger
American author of “The Catcher in the Rye”
54
1960's - New Frontier
The New Frontier proposed by JFK had a goal of improving the economy, education, healthcare, and civil rights
55
1960's - Lee Harvery Oswald
The man who assassinated JFK from a warehouse while JFK was being driven through Dallas Texas
56
1960's - Warren Commission
Concluded that JFK was assassinated by Lee Harvey Oswarld who worked alone also concluded that Jack Ruby acted alone when he killed Oswald 2 days later
57
1960's - Barry Goldwater
U.S. Senator who rejected the New Deal legacy and fought against the continuation of New Deal ideas
58
1960's - Stonewall Riots
The riot that insued after NYPD raided the gay bar, the Stonewall Inn
59
1960's - James Earl Ray
The American convicted for the assassination of MLK Jr.
60
1960's - Mayor Daley
He controlled and mobilized Chicago he was a part of the working-class who worked to benefit city contracting
61
1960's - General Westmoreland
Commander of the U.S. forces during the Vietnam War from 1964-72
62
1960's - Hawks and Doves
“Hawks” were those who advocated for aggressive foreign policy with strong military power v “Doves” those who wanted to resolve international conflict without threatening force
63
1960's - Eugene McCarthy
A U.S. House Representative from 1949-59, Senator from 1959-71, who sought a democratic party nomination for president by running on an anti-Vietnam war platform
64
1960's - Mapp v Ohio
Decided that under the 4th and 14th amendments illegal seized evidence can’t be used in court
65
1960's - Gideon v Wainwright
The Supreme Court stayed consistent with the Constitution and required states to appoint attorneys for defendants who can’t afford one on their own (The supreme court says that the state needs to give defendants an attorney if needed because of the 6th amendment)
66
1960's - Escobedo v Illinois
Established that criminal suspects have a right to a counsel during police investigations
67
1960's - Miranda v Arizona
Ruled that an arrested individual is entitled to rights against self-incrimination and to an attorney under the 5th and 6th amendment (This gives us our Miranda rights it requires the police to inform the suspect they have the right to remain silent)
68
1960's - Baker v Carr
Federal Courts could hear cases alleging state’s drawing electoral boundaries to restrict or violate the 14th amendment (Gives Federal Courts a say in questioning state legislative appointments)
69
1960's - Griswold v Connecticut
Struck down the Comstock law Connecticut had stating it was unconstitutional to invade the privacy rights of married couples
70
1960's - Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
Advocated for student power through direct action and criticism of U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War
71
1960's - Tom Hayden
American social and political activist, author, and politician known for his anti-war, civil rights, and intellectual activism who authored the Port Huron Statement and stood trial in the Chicago 7 case
72
1960's - Port Huron Statement
A call for participatory democracy based on nonviolent civil disobedience and the idea that individual citizens could make a difference in social decisions
73
1960's - Mario Savio
An American activist who protested the university;s order calling for the abolition of all restrictions on the free speech rights of students
74
1960's - New Left
The New Left differs from the traditional left that favors social justice
75
1960's - Weatherman
All small violent group of the SDS that carried out acts of domestic terrorism to promote social change (They didn’t think nonviolence was working so they partook in bombing, jailbreaks, and riots to promote change
76
1960's - Bill Ayers
Retired American professor who co-founded that Weatherman group
77
1970’s-Present Day - Détente
Easing geopolitical tensions between the U.S. and the Soviet Union and is the foreign policy Nixon used
78
1970’s-Present Day - OPEC-Oil Embargo
Countries placed an oil embargo on oil exports to the United States which raised oil prices
79
1970’s-Present Day - Southern Strategy
The strategy used by republican party candidates to gain political support in the south by appealing to racism
80
1970’s-Present Day - Title IX
Prohibits the discrimination on the basis of sex in education programs and activities (discriminating based of sex is now illegal)
81
1970’s-Present Day - War Powers Act
Limits the president’s ability to initiate or escalate military action abroad
82
1970’s-Present Day - Camp David Accords
Brokered by Jimmy Carter that made a peace treaty between Egypt and Israel
83
1970’s-Present Day - Recognition of China
In 1979 the U.S. recognized the People’s Republic of China (the RPC) as the sole government of China and established diplomatic relations with the country
84
1970’s-Present Day - “Malaise” Speech
Jimmy Carter stated that malaise was caused by profound distress that was caused by the government seemingly no longer worked for the majority of Americans
85
1970’s-Present Day - Cesar Chavez
He lead the first successful farm workers union in America gaining dignity, respect, fair wages, and other benefits for countless other workers
86
1970’s-Present Day - Persian Gulf War
A conflict between Iraq and 39 other countries but it was led by the U.S. and it started with Iraq’s invasion of Kuwait
87
1970’s-Present Day - “No New Taxes”
Phrase George H. W. Bush used when he accepted the Republican nomination for the general election
88
1970’s-Present Day - Bill Clinton
the 42nd president of the United States
89
1970’s-Present Day - Election of 1992
Bill Clinton beat George H. W. Bush for the presidency due to America being in a recession and him campaigning on the platform of recovery and fixing domestic issues
90
1970’s-Present Day - Ross Perot
A American businessman and philanthropist who ran as an independent candidate for president believed to be the reason H. W. Bush lost the election
91
1970’s-Present Day - North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Established a free-trade zone in North America and was signed by Canada, Mexico, and the United States
92
1970’s-Present Day - American Disabilities Act (ADA)
Prohibits the discrimination against people with disabilities and requires accommodations to state and local government programs and services
93
1970’s-Present Day - Mid-term 1994
Described as the “Republican Revolution” the Republican Party captured the unified control of Congress for the first time since 1952
94
1970’s-Present Day - Newt Gingrich
American Speaker of the House who was a major leader in the Republican victory of ‘94 and was named “Man of the Year” by Time magazine for his role in ending the 4 decade long democratic majority in the House
95
1970’s-Present Day - Homegrown Domestic Terrorism
Those who endorse/justify the commission if violent acts to achieve political, ideological, religious, social, or economic goals
96
1970’s-Present Day - Election of 2000
The election between Bush and Gore where Florida’s votes were potentially incorrect due to hanging chads (ballots where the voters didn’t fully punch out which candidates they wanted on the ballot) this lead to Florida starting to recount their votes before being forced to stop
97
1970’s-Present Day - Bush v Gore
It allowed the vote certification to be made in Florida giving Bush Florida’s electoral votes
98
1970’s-Present Day - Clinton Impeachment
Impeached for lying under oath and for the obstruction of justice
99
1970’s-Present Day - Economic Boom of Clinton
Had an average economic growth of 4.0% per year
100
1970’s-Present Day - George W Bush
The 43rd president of the United States
101
1970’s-Present Day - No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB)
The law that held schools accountable for how K-12 students learn however it penalized schools that didn’t show improvement which was controversial
102
1970’s-Present Day - Hurricane Katrina Impact
A category 5 hurricane that caused 1,833 fatalities and $108 billion in damages
103
1970’s-Present Day - Roberts Court
A very conservative Supreme court (2005-present day)
104
1970’s-Present Day - Housing Bubble
A temporary condition of overvalued prices in the housing market
105
1970’s-Present Day - Al Qaeda
A militant Islamist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the late 80s (they carried out 9/11)
106
1970’s-Present Day - Homeland Security
Secures the nation’s air, land, and sea borders to prevent illegal activity while also facilitating travel and trade
107
1970’s-Present Day - Bush Doctrine
America can treat all countries that support terrorists against the U.S. as enemies
108
1970’s-Present Day - Election of 2008
Obama won of McCain
109
1970’s-Present Day - Affordable Care Act (Obamacare)
Increases the health insurance coverage for the uninsured and implements reforms to the health insurance market
110
1970’s-Present Day - Tea Party
A congressional caucus of the Republican Party which consists of the most conservative party members
111
1970’s-Present Day - Heller v DC
The 2nd amendment guarantees an individual’s right to possess firearms
112
1970’s-Present Day - Citizens United Case
Allowed corporations to spend money on electioneering communications and allowed them to directly advocate for the election or defeat of a candidate

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