APUSH Midterm Flashcards
Second great awakening
Religious revival movement in 1801 based on Methodism and baptism. Revivals attracted women blacks and entice Americans. Had influence on prison reform, temperance, and moral reasoning against slavery
Second continental congress
Meeting of delegate from the American colonies in May 1775, adopted declaration, acted as gov for colonies during war, raised army and navy approved creation of articles or confederation
3/5 compromise
Determined if slaves should be counted as people when voting determine house of rep. North said no cause can’t own property south said yes to increase their representation. Compromise was that slaves would count as 3/5 person
Actual vs virtual representation
Virtual- those in Britain who could not vote legally were virtually represented by a member of parliament.
Actual- citizen could vote for themselves
Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams, second First Lady
John adams
Second president of the United States, from the Federalist Party. Avoided war with France and passed the alien and sedition acts. President form 1797 to 1801
John Quincy Adams
Sixth president, was a better Secretary of State, proposed things far ahead of his time such as and observatory and a national university, and make a network of highways and canals
Samuel Adams
Set up the sons of liberty, Boston tea party, and the Minutemen. Signed Declaration of Independence and attended continental congresses.
Jamestown
First permanent English settlement. Named for king James of England
Massachusetts bay colony
King Charles gave puritans a right to settle and govern a colony in the Massachusetts Bay Area. Established political freedom and representative government
Bacons rebellion
Armed rebellion in 1676 by Virginia settlers. Led by Nathaniel bacon, and indentured servant against rule of governer William Berkeley. Unsuccessful caused by governer Williams recent refusal to retaliate for a series of Native American at racks on frontier settlements
Population of the colonies
Gradually increased as indentured servants and immigrants and slaves came over
Colonial education
Poor, had a university but other than that only the rich could afford to send their children off to school everyone else had to be taught at home
Ohio river valley
Point of contention that sparked the French and Indian war. Both the French and British claimed it they wanted the area because rivers allowed for transportation
Declaration of Independence
Approved on July 4, 1776. Drafted by Thomas Jefferson, formalized the colonies separation from Britain and laid out the enlightenment values of natural right such as life liberty and the pursuit of happiness upon American Revolution was based
Separation of church and state
Principle that government must maintain an attitude of neutrality toward religion. Acquired by first amendment
Alexander Hamilton
Major political figure in debar over constitution, outspoken leader of the federalist a and one of the authors of the federalist papers. Later secretary of treasury under Washington. Helped create the bank of the United States
Washing tons farewell address
Stressed maintaining commercial but not political ties to other nations stressed not entering permanent alliances. Americas uniqueness depends on being independent action on foreign affairs
Thomas Jefferson
Author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States made the Louisiana purchase in 1803 and sent out Louis and clerk to explore it.
War of 1812
Second war for independence. New assemblanse of leadership, the “Warhawks”
Us vs Great Britain
Burned down Washington D.C.
Treaty of gent ended the war
End result was that nationalism took root in country
Mc culloh vs Maryland
John Marshall believed in federal powers
Dealt with the national bank
Maryland tried to tax the national bank=federal institution
Fear is that if they try to tax the bank then they might raise their taxes
Paternalism
Belief by southern slave owners that they are like paternal figures towards their slaves
Abolitionism
Belief that goes against the idea of slavery
The great awakening
Evangelical and revitalization movement that swept across Protestant Europe and British America. Leaving a permanent impact on American Protestantism
Eli Whitney
American inventor of the cotton gin
Second great awakening
Protestant revival movement during the early 19 th century rose rapidly amongst baptist and the Methodist congregations whose preachers led the movement
Stamp act
Act of the British parliament in 1756 that exacted the revenue from the American colonies by imposing a stamp duty on newspapers and legal and commercial documents
Monroe doctrine
Principle of U.S. policy by president James Monroe that any intervention by external powers in the politics of the Americas is a potentially hostile act against the U.S.
Horace Mann
Was in charge of the promotion of regulation the schoo system such as longer terms, better teachers and better school conditions
Famous American transcendentalist who turned to the environment for inspiration. Lived in a log cabin alone for two years where he wrote his book walden
Henry David Thoreau
Feminist movement
The idea that women should have some of the basic rights that men do such as the right to vote
Wilmot proviso
Banned slavery in any territory squired from Mexico in the Mexican war or future area known as the Mexican cession
John Marshall
Strong willed Chief Justice shaped the American legal tradition more profoundly than any other single figure. Also his decision regarding the Marbury vs Madison affair spurred the Jeffersonians to fight back
Dartmouth college vs. Woodward
Deals with contracts and John Marshall
Dartmouth was threatened to be taken over by the government
Changed their original contracts and John Marshall said no
Nullification
Act of canceling something such as many tried the nullify the taxes placed on the south when Europe brings good over
Brooks vs sumner
Summer was an abolisionist giving a filibuster when brooks heard about it and beat summer with a cane until he was unconsciousness and would never be able to reach full recovery
Uncle toms cabin
Written by Harriet beacher Stowe showed how poorly the slaves were being treated. Caused the civil war banned in the south and was forced to be read up north
Erie Canal
Canal in New York State runs from Hudson River to Lake Erie cut transport costs into what was then wilderness by about 90%
Thomas Paine
Published common sense telling Americans to rise up against the British government and establish new government based on enlightenment ideals
Seneca falls convention
First women’s rights convention
The mayflower compact
The first governing document of the Plymouth colony
Seven years war
French and Indian war, French and Indian team up to go against Britain to fight over the Ohio River valley Britain had an artful start but ended up winning the war
Father of the constitution
James Madison
Cabinet
A body of persons appointed by a head of state or prime minister to head the executive departments of the government and to act as official advisors
Lewis and Clark expedition
Thomas Jefferson purchased the Louisiana purchase he sent Lewis and Clark out to explore the land and come back and inform him of what is out there
James Madison
Author of the constitution and the bill of rights, father of the Federalist Party and the fourth president of the United States. President is the war of 1812 and he was also Vice President under Jefferson great states man not a great president
Trail of tears
Route along the United States government forced several Native American tribes west of the Mississippi River
Irish immigrants
Came because of the famine most were young and poor and looking for work
Transcendentalism
Philosophy that the physical world is secondary to the spiritual realm
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Prime mover of the American Renaissance and a pillar of the transcendental movement
Puritans
English Protestant reformers who sought to purify the Church of England of catholic rituals and creeds
Federalist a
Supported strong central government, advocated for ratification of the new constitution
Mormons
Founded by joeseph smith, poligomy drilled their own militia and voted as a unit angered and disturbed many
Revolution of 1800
Jeffersons view of his election to presidency, claimed that it represented s return to what he considered the original spirit of the revolution.
Goals: restore the republican experiment, check growth of the government power, and half decay the virtue that had set in under federalist fuel
Proclamation of 1763
Alleviate relations with natives after the French and Indian war and started that Americans were not permitted to go passed the Appalachian mountains
Marbury vs Madison
William Marbury sued for his commission as a judge because he had been promised a job by Adams but refused by Jefferson. Marshal claims that the Supreme Court cannot rule on this case and ruled earlier. Judiciary act of 1789 unconstitutional and established judicial review
Stephen Douglas
Moderate who introduced the Kansas Nebraska act and popularized the idea of popular sovereignty
Liberty laws
Laws that forbade state officials to assist in the capture and return of runaways
XYZ affair
Diplomatic incident when made in public in 1798, nearly cause the U.S. And France to go to war ended the Franco American treaty and resulted in the undeclared war between the two countries and prompted the build up of the U.S. Navy
Federalist papers
Collection of essay written by Alexander Hamilton John jay and James Madison explaining bios the new government/ constitution would work purpose to get New York to ratify the new constitution and it did
Chief Pontiac
Ottawa chief led several tribes in a campaign to drive the British out of the Ohio country, killed two thousand soldiers and settlers British retaliated hey giving them the small pix disease causing their number to decrease rapidly. Was later killed
Founding fathers
John Adams Benjamin Franklin Alexander Hamilton John jay Thomas Jefferson James Madison and George Washington
Electoral college
Group selected by the states to elect the president and the Vice President in which each stares number of electors is equal to the number of its senators and representatives in congress
Henry Knox
In 1775 George Washington ordered him the nations first secretary of war to bring the British artillery back to the siege of Boston that was captured at fort Ticonderoga
Fort mc Henry
The fort that defeated Baltimore during the war of 1812
Impressment
Royal Navy ships halting the U.S. Vessels to search for British deserters frequently impressed naturalized U.S. Citizens
Suffrage
Right to vote
Andrew Jackson
“Old hickory” hates the British and the Indians war hero in the battle of New Orleans defeated the creeks at the battle of horseshoe bend believed int eh common man, reduced voting restrictions, 7 th president Indian removal act trail of tears Worcester vs Georgia
Antifederalists
Opposed a strong central government skeptical about undemocratic tendencies in the constitution instead of bill of rights
War Hawks
Group of republican congressman who at he end of the first decade of the 1800s demanded that the United States declare war against Great Britain
Adam smith
Influenced the articles of confederation, known as the father of modern economics
