APUSH Chapter 4-7 Flashcards
Proclamation act of 1763
- Banned settlers from going beyond Appalachian mountains
- Effected fur trade and territory of natives
- economy lowered, colonists mad
Results of French and Indian War
- Expanded New Land Territory and Britain War Debt
- Hatred of colonists and British leaders of each other
- London realized they should have more control over colonies
Stamp Act
- Imposed tax on documents
- Colonists refused to pay taxes and…
Boston Tea Party
Men went on East India Company ships and dumped out tea
Common Sense
- Thomas Paine
- Helped change American outlook on war
- Blamed the king and English constitution in how corrupt, brutal, and unfit their rule was
Intolerable Acts
- Quartering Act
- Boston Port Act
- Massachusetts Government Act
- Administration of Justice Act
First Continental Congress
- Stop trade with Britain and made “Continental Association”
Second Continental Congress
- Established the Continental Army
- coordinated the war,
- issued Declaration of Independence,
- signed Articles of Confederation,
- issued paper money,
- appointed ambassadors
Saratoga
- Made France see America as a sovereign nation and supported them
Quebec Act
Gave Civil Government to Roman Catholics in Canada, gave them political rights, and recognized their legality
Non-Importation Association
Protest against Townshend Revenue Act and boycott English goods by Boston merchants and traders
Virtual Representation
British Parliament members virtually represented British colonists by speaking for all instead of the district they came from
Elected members represent the country, not individuals/region
Stamp Act Congress
Colonists who protested the Stamp Act, saying that the Parliament couldn’t tax them without their consent
Declaratory Act
Parliament could make laws restricting colonies “in all cases whatsoever”
Sons of Liberty
Protested against Stamp through the use of petitions, assemblies, and propaganda
Daughters of Liberty
Women in anti-British riots in 1760s said that rather than freedom, they would part with their tea
John Locke and Theory of Government and Rights
Government promotes public good and protects citizens life, liberty, and the right of property
Lexington and Concord
First battle of Revolution (shot heard around the world)
French Aid
Supplied Americans via navy and weapons
Yorktown
Cornwallis surrender on Oct. 17, 1781, leading to outcries in England to stop the war
Treaty of Paris
1783, Southern Canada to North of Florida and Atlantic to Mississippi
Articles of Confederation
- Unicameral Congress (9/13 to pass a law)
- 13 states to amend
- Can’t raise/tax money and armies
- No executive and judicial branches
- Central government with one body (Congress
Early State Constitutions
- Documents that established structure and governance of state governments
- Didn’t address slavery (many allowed, but some states like Massachusetts’s addressed through emancipation clause)
Shay’s Rebellion
Daniel Shay with farmers demanded paper money, tax relief, and abolition of jail for debt
- Added urgency for new national constitution
Role of Women in Society
Expected to be mothers and teach their kids of republican citizenry, leading to much respect from men
Ordinance of 1785
Surveyed and sold land in Appalachian Mountains through “The Grid”
Ordinance of 1787
Established northwest territory (north of Ohio river), having bans on slavery
Virginia Plan
Strong National government with legislative branch, executive branch, judicial branch and a legislature divided to the Senate and the House of Representatives
New Jersey Plan
One-house legislature with equal votes of states and an executive elected by national legislature
Great Compromise
States represented in lower house, states in upper house were represented by two dudes
3/5 Compromise
Slaves counted as 3/5 of a person when it comes to taxation and representation
Electoral College
- Separated presidency and the mob
- Congress and voters don’t choose
- States get an number of electoral votes based off population
Judicial Branch Composition
- Supreme Court: Chief Justice, 4 Associate Judges, One Trial Court
- Small Courts: associate judges
Ratification of Constitution
1st: Delaware, 9th: New Hampshire, Last: Rhode Island
Bill of Rights
- List of rights for citizens
- Wanted to legitimize new government for Anti-federalists with no guaranteed rights
Federalists (supported constitution)
Believed they had implied power
Antifederalists
- Thought it violates principles of Revolution via system of tyranny
- Wanted Bill of Rights
Federalist Papers
- Hamilton, James Madison, John Jay
- Counter arguments of Antifederalists to stop influence in states like new York
Washington’s Election
- Secretary of Treasury: Hamilton
- Secretary of War: Henry Knox
- Attorney General: Edmund Randolph
- Secretary of State: Jefferson
- Vice P.: john Adams
Whiskey Rebellion
- Farmers not paying whiskey excise tax
- Ended through intimidation of Washington’s forces
Washington’s Farewell Address:
Warned about international conflicts and divided political factions
Federalists
- Leader: Hamilton
- Supported by elites/merchants
- Economy: New England
- Favored Strong Federal Government and Great Britain
Democratic-Republicans
- Leader: Jefferson
- Supported by planters
- Economy: South/Southwest
- Favored France and strength of individual states
Hamilton 4 reports
- Establishment of national bank
- Establishment of national currency, mint/coins
- Establishment of national debt
- Manufacturing high protective tarriff (rejected)
XYZ Affair
3 French agents tried to bribe before negotiations between
Quasi Affair
Undeclared naval war between US and France in the Caribbean Ocean
Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions
States had the right to nullify Federal government laws
Alien and Sedition Acts
- Alien Act: Made it harder for immigrants to become citizens by 5-14 years
- Sedition Act: President could arrest anyone speaking out against government/war effort
Sectional Differences in economy and politics
- North: Commerce
- South: Agriculture
Revolution of 1800
- Election of Thomas Jefferson, transition of power to a new faction
Midnight Appointments
Adams appointed many Federal judges to the Federal courts to keep Federalist control of the government
Early industrialization
- steamboats, cotton gin, flower mill, card machine
Effects of Cotton Gin
- Eli Whitney
- More demand on African slavery and cotton production in South
Changes in transportation
- James Watt improved steam engine
- Robert Fulton and Livingston made the Clermont, leading to more faster and more trade
Republican motherhood
Moms raised enlightened and patriotic children through female academies
Causes of War of 1812
- Impressment of American sailors
- Napoleonic Wars
- American ships couldn’t trade with foreign countries
- Western Expansion
- Native American policy
- Want Canada and Florida
War of 1812 Effects
- Short term: Economic Depression
- Long Term: Improvement and increase in productivity in England industries
Non-Intercourse Act
Reopen trade with nations except France and Britain
Macon’s Bill #2 Results
- Reopens trade with Britain and France (removal of blockade and no more interference of American ships), but it was too late to prevent war
Embargo Act
Prohibited American ships to leave America
Chesapeake Affair
Leopard fired at American ship and took 4 men after refusal to be searched
War Hawks
- Voters elected representatives who wanted war with Britain
- Henry Clay, John C. Calhoun, Felix Grundy
Hartford Convention
Federalists in New England wanting to separate from union after treaties were in place
Louisiana Purchase
Deal with France and US for land west of Mississippi River
Tecumseh and the Prophet
Both natives wanted to stop westward expansion
- Prophet inspired religious revival, Tecumseh united tribes
Marbury vs Madison
Allowed judicial branch to check legislative branch by giving it power to declare laws unconstitutional
McCullough vs. Maryland
Federal government had the right/power to set up a national bank and states held no power to tax Federal government
Gibbons vs. Ogden
Congress had the authority to regulate interstate commerce
