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apush chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

American Imperialism

A

“expand or implode”
new markets
didn’t want to be left behind EU competition
Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines after the Spanish-American War

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2
Q

Alfred Thayer Mahan

A

wrote “The Influence of Sea Power on History”
strong navy, naval dominance, adequate # of ports, stimulated the navel race

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3
Q

James G. Blaine

A

Secretary of State
first to embrace imperialism in policy
Big Sister Policy

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4
Q

Big Sister Policy

A

with support from blaine
allied US with Latin American countries
opened new trade markets

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5
Q

Guyana & Venezuela border disputes

A

-Gold discovered in contested area

-US v. Britain
-Cleveland cited Monroe Doctrine - British denied its relevance
-Cleveland’s survey - “accept or aggress”
-GB anger deflected toward Boer War

led to the Great Rapprochement
-Monroe Doctrine reinforced

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6
Q

Great Rapprochement

A

-reconciliation between the US and Britain

-new alliance in 20th century regarding (foreign policy)

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7
Q

Hawaii

A

waystation, provisioning point
-missionaries
-1875 reciprocity agreement
-1887 rights to Pearl Harbor

-sugar trade
-McKinley import Tariff created obstacles
-solution: white planters - annex Hawaii
-led to an organized revolt in 1893

-Cleveland’s election changed things
-He stood up for Queen Liliuokalani
-1898 - annexation

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8
Q

McKinley Tariff

A

1890 tariff that raised protective tariff levels by nearly 50%, making them the highest tariffs on imports in the United States history

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8
Q

Queen Liliuokalani

A

the Hawaiian queen who was forced out of power by a revolution started by American instigation/business interests

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9
Q

Cuba

A

-Cubans revolted against Spainish oppresors
-spanish tried to supress revolts w concentration camps
-washington sent USS Maine to cuba to protect americans, the ship later blew up, angering the americans
-led to americans adopting Teller Amendment

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10
Q

Valeriano Weyler

A

General sent by Spain to stop Cuban revolt, referred to as the “Butcher” because of merciless tactics “concentration camps, shooting civilian, etc.)

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11
Q

Yellow Journalism

A

-Pulitzer and Hearst(leaders of the method)
-Hearst published letter from Depuy de Lome
-incited desire for war in americans

Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers

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11
Q

USS Maine

A

Ship that explodes off the coast of Cuba in Havana harbor and helps contribute to the start of the Spanish-American War

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12
Q

Depuy de Lome

A

Spanish diplomat that wrote a letter criticizing president McKinley by calling him weak, indecisive, and relying to heavily on public opinion. Letter was published by the press.

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13
Q

Theodore Roosevelt

A

26th president, known for: military strength, Panama Canal, Great White Fleet, Nobel Peace Prize for negotiation of peace in Russo-Japanese War

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14
Q

Spanish American War

A

In 1898, a conflict between the United States and Spain, in which the U.S. supported the Cubans’ fight for independence

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15
Q

Teller Amendment

A

Legislation that promised the US would not annex Cuba after defeating spain
-Cuban independence

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16
Q

John Hay

A

proclaimed the war was a “slendid little war”, instigating the SpanAmerican war furthur

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17
Q

Philippines

A

important in the SpanAmerican war campaign
American won battle at manila bay
a source of argument amongst americans to decide weather to annex them or not

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17
Q

George Dewey

A
  • Praised naval commander chosed by theodore roosevelt
  • collaborated with philipino insurgents and defeated spanish fleet in manila bay
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18
Q

Guam

A

Captured easily by USS Charleston in S-A War w/o fighitng

Ceded to US in Treaty of Paris

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19
Q

William Shafter

A
  • American commander in carribean(cuba)
  • more symbolic leadership due to his wieght(300+ lbs)
  • his army was not prepared(wore wool clothes in heat, leading to dehydration/disease, upderprepared overall)
19
Q

rough riders

A
  • 1st US Volunteer Calvary of “cowboys to convicts”
  • Idea of Teddy Roosevelt (asst sec of Navy)
  • led by Col Leonard Wood
19
Q

leonard wood

A

commander of the rough rider calvery

20
Q

puerto rico

A
  • campaign began w/ swift blockade of san juan
  • after capturing santiago, Gen. miles led a ground attacl
  • August 12 ended all hostile fronts, armistice signed on August 13
  • war ended in puerto rico
21
Q

nelson miles

A

general that lead invading forces in puerto rico and became first Amercan governor, helping set up the new government

22
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • Ended SpanAmerican war(1898)
  • recognition of cuban independance
  • ceded philippes, PR and Guam to US
23
Q

Foraker Act

A

-allowed PR self-government
- trade restrictions on PR(govenrned by US)
- foundation for Puerto rican citizenship

23
Q

jones shafroth Act

A
  • gave Puerto rican citizenship in 1917
  • Civil rights to individuals & locally elected bicameral legislature
    -foundation for PR government
24
Q

Platt Amendment

A
  • americans forced cubans to sign in 1901
    -gave US indirect power over cuba

rules
- no treaties w foriegn powers
-us had right to intervene
- no going into national debt
- US gets right to buy lad for naval/refueling

  • Americans would remove troops if these provisions were added
    -led to anti americanism in cuba
25
Q

Anti imperialist league

A

group that rose agaisnt imperialism in the phillipeans

supported by powerful figuresd like mark twain

argued that imperializm violated decleration of independace, it was a costly burden, would lead to issues w asian powers

26
Q

insular cases

A

series of cases that determined that inhabitants of american territories had some, not all rights of an american

27
Q

Philippine-American War

A
  • Citizens expected same treatment as cuba
  • when expectations were not met, rebels lauched battle of Manila Bay
  • US outnumbered rebels, Aguinaldos forces captured in 1901
  • US made concentration camps, etc
  • hostilities ended w/ philipine-organic act 1902
28
Q

emilio aguinaldo

A
  • lead filipino rebels against americans in Philippine-American War
  • advocate for philippino independance
  • ultimatly captured by us forces in 1901
29
Q

william howard taft

A

governor of the philippines, later became us president

30
Q

philippine-organic act

A
  • ended Philippean American war in 1902
  • allowed for creation of phillipheane assembly, granting filipinos a small amount of self governance
  • Americans began to invest in island infrastructure
  • the phillipeans would remain a US common wealth/unincorporated territory
31
Q

Jones act

A
  • 1916, promised philippine independace
  • granted freedom in 1917, thier economy grew alongside the us’
  • thier independace want officially recognized for 30 years until treaty of Manila
32
Q

Open Door Policy

A

-policy proposed by US calling for “spheres of influence” in china, respect chinease rights, and occupency based on fair trade

  • was the response to the fear of US being cut out of trade w/ china bieng colonized by other nations
33
Q

Boxer rebellion

A
  • Rebellion in beijing china, to eliminate Euro interverntion
  • Euros and US squashed rebellion, but paid 333 mil in reperations
  • called for 9-power treaty, ending open door Policy
34
Q

9-power treaty

A
  • 1922, a consequence of Boxer rebellion
    -ended open door policy, all memebrs allowed equal trade with china
  • signed by US, Japan, China, France, Britain, Itay, Belgium, Netherlands, Portugal
35
Q

imperialism vs. Byranism

A
  • topic of 1900 election
  • Mckinley v Bryan
  • McKinley picked the popular teddy roosevelt as vp
  • Bryan campainged “free silver and free cuba”
    mckinley wins
36
Q

Leon Frank Czolgosz

A
  • was an anarchist who killed president Mckinley
  • Roosevelt steps up and becomes youngest president
37
Q

the big stick

A

“speak softly and carry a big stick”
-roosevelts use of military power for diplomatic reasons and enforcing foriegn policy

38
Q

Panama Canal

A
  • crucial for Naval supremacy
  • Us gained control of canal through hay-pauncefote treaty
  • compleated in 1914
39
Q

hay-paunancefote treaty

A

1901, britain recognized US. sphere of influence, giving US full control of canal and building rights

40
Q

philippe Bunau-varilla

A
  • French engineer, advocated for an american canal through panama
  • helped instigate panamanian rebellion against columbia
    -American recognized panamanian independance and made philippe first pm
  • Signed Hay-Bunau-Varilla Treaty, started canal construction
41
Q

panamanian revolution

A
  • columbia refuses to agree with US terms for canal
    -Roosevent and Varilla instigate revolt in panama
  • rebellion succeeds, panama gains independance from columbia
  • granted the us control of canal
42
Q

hay-bunau varilla treaty

A

1903- us gaurenteed independace of new republic of panama
- treaty between panama and US detailing contruction of panama canal

42
Q

roosevelt corollary

A
  • addition to monroe doctrine
  • effect of fear of Euro power increasing LA involvement
  • stated that only US could invervene in Latin america
43
Q

russo-japanese war

A
  • war between russia/japan, deteriorated relaions w us from both countries
  • japanese migration increased, led to segregation in W coast
  • led to gentlemans agreement w japan, great white fleet tour
44
Q

gentlemans agreement

A

agreement, reducing japanese migration to US in exchange for integration of japanese in US

45
Q

great white fleet

A

1907-1909- roosevelt sends navy on a world tour to show the world the power of US navy
- also to pressure japan to agree to Gentlemens agreement

46
Q

Root-takihara agreement

A
  • pledged the US and Japan to respect each others territorial possessions in the pacific and to uphold open door policy in china

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