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Apush chap 3 Flashcards

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AP® U.S. History flashcards
1
Q
  1. Martin Luther
A
  • Martin Luther was a German priest.
    • Was a theologian(study of God)
    • Write ‘’95- theses’’
    • Luther declared that the Bible alone was the source of God’s word
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2
Q
  • Protestant Reformation
A

was a religious movement in the the 16th century that fought to return catholic church practices.

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3
Q
  1. John Calvin
A

Was a religious leader
- French theologian.
- He elaborated Martin Luther’s ideas

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4
Q

Calvinism:

A

Branch of Protestantsism based on the ideas of John Calvin. It gives importance to the power of God.

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5
Q

Puritans

A

Purtians were english people who wanted to make the Church of England purer.

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6
Q

Presbyterians/Huguenots

A
  1. general term for anyone who was a calvinist (God should come first belief)
  2. Huguenots=french calvinist(God should come first belief)
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7
Q
  1. predestination
A

The idea that God has alredy decided who goes to heaven and who wont.

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8
Q

conversion

A

changing a persons beliefs or religion.

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9
Q
  1. Henry VIII/Church of England
A

He was king of england from 1509-1547. Hes known for starting church of england. He started it because the Catholic Church wouldnt allow forhis marriage. The church of england was also known as the Anglican Church

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10
Q
  1. Puritans=
A

were people Who wanted to make the Church of England pure. They wanted to change the ways of the church because they didn’t like it.

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11
Q

Separatists

A

tiny group of dedicated Puritans, known as Separatists, vowed to break away entirely from the Church of England.

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12
Q
  1. James I
A

James I was the King of England from 1603 to 1625 he’s known for commissioning the King James Bible. Was part of the Stuart dynasty.

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13
Q
  1. Mayflower=
A

is a ship that carried pilgrims to America in 1620 it brought them from England to the New World. Plymouth Bay is in Massachusetts

‘’Mayflower, sixty-five days at sea, missed its destination and arrived off the stony coast of New England in 1620 with a total of 102 persons’’

  • half of the people on board were separatists.
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14
Q

Plymouth Bay

A

is in Massachusetts.

Their initial Landing was Plymouth Rock but it didn’t happen so they went to Plymouth Bay which was the pilgrim’s first home in America.

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15
Q
  1. Captain Myles Standish
A

‘’Captain Shrimp.” was an Indian fighter/ negotiator/military leader. leader of the pilgrims who settled in Plymouth Colony.

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16
Q
  1. Mayflower Compact
A

this was an agreement that was signed by the pilgrims in 1620. This was the first document in the Plymouth Colony.

This document was not a constitution but a simple agreement to form a government and to submit to rules agreed upon. The compact was signed by forty-one adult males, eleven of them with the exalted rank of “mister,” though not by the servants and two seamen.

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17
Q
  1. Thanksgiving
A

The next autumn, that of 1621, brought bountiful harvests and with them the first Thanksgiving Day in New England. The holiday is to celebrate the first harvest the pilgrims had in America.

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18
Q
  1. William Bradford
A

self-taught scholar who read Hebrew, Greek, Latin, French, and Dutch. He was chosen governor of the colony thirty times in the annual elections. He feared that non-Puritan settlers might corrupt his godly experiment in the wilderness. He wrote a book called ‘’Plymouth Plantations’’

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19
Q
  1. Charles I/Archbishop Laud
A

He was the first king of England from 1625-1649. He dismissed Parliament and got beheaded. He hired Archbishop Laud. The Archbishop was an advisor to Charles 1. Charles 1 supported the Anglican church. Archbishop Laud Tried to put on practices to the Church of England which created problems. The archbishop was arrested by the parliament in 1640.

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20
Q
  1. Massachusetts Bay Company
A

This was a group of investors that created the company in 1629 to develop land in New England. They found the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Boston became its hub.

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21
Q
  1. Great Migration
A

1630-1642 where seventy thousand moved to America. Many left England due to religious problems. Most people settled in Massachusetts Bay Colony and New England.

22
Q
  1. John Winthrop
A

immigrated to the Bay colony. He was the colony’s FIRST governor. Goverenerd for 90 years. He claimed he had a ‘’calling’’ from God to lead. He’s known for his sermon’’ City upon a Hill’’ talked about his visions for the colony.

23
Q
  1. Congregational Church
A

s governed by its members. It was independent; freemen(adult males) attended this church.

24
Q
  1. John Cotton
A

went to Cambridge University, a Puritan, he immigrated to Massachusetts to avoid persecution for his criticism of the Church of England. In the Bay Colony, he devoted himself to defending the government’s duty to enforce religious rules. he sometimes preached and prayed for up to six hours in a single day.was a minister

25
Q
  1. Protestant ethic
A

serious commitment to work. The idea is that sinners can become righteous through faith alone. So people were forced to do good.

26
Q
  1. Anne Hutchison
A

Anne Hutchison was a smart, talkative, woman with 14 kids. She believed in faith and not actions like salvation.

27
Q

Antinomianism

A

against the law; people who believe that you don’t need to follow the laws of either God or man to be saved.

28
Q
  1. Roger Williams/Rhode Island
A

Salem minister, is a young man, a Salem minister, he had different views on religion and believed in religious freedom. He denies the authority of the civil government. In 1635, he was banished. He fled and found Rhode Island in 1636.

29
Q
  1. Thomas Hooker/Hartford, Conn.
A

He was a Puritan minister and helped create the colony of Connecticut. He also helped found the town of Hartford in 1636 by leading a group of settlers to the place.

30
Q
  1. Fundamental orders
A

1639, the settlers of the new Connecticut River colony drafted in open meetings a document known as the Fundamental Orders. The orders talked about self-government and voting rights.

31
Q
  1. Wampanoag/Squanto/Massasoit
A

This was a native American tribe. They befriended the settlers. Squanto, a Wampanoag who had learned English from a ship’s captain who had kidnapped him some years earlier. The Wampanoag chief/ leader Massasoit signed a treaty with the Plymouth Pilgrims in 1621 and helped them celebrate the first Thanksgiving after the autumn harvests that same year.

32
Q
  1. Pequot War
A

War between the Pequet tribe and English settlers in New England from 1636-1638. English militiamen and their Narragansett Indian allies set fire to the Indian huts and shot the fleeing survivors. The war was over land and trade. The English won over the Pequot.

33
Q
  1. Metacom/King Philip’s War
A

In 1675 Massasoit’s son, Metacom, called King Philip by the English, led tribes against the English people for land. The war was between 1675-1676. The English won. Metacom was killed in 1676. When the war ended in 1676, fifty-two Puritan towns had been attacked, and twelve destroyed.

34
Q

King Philip/Metacom

A

Metacom’s wife and son were sold into slavery; he was captured and beheaded, His head was carried on a pike back to Plymouth, where it was mounted on display for years.

35
Q
  1. New England Confederation
A

4 colonies came together which were Massachusetts Bay, Plymouth, Connecticut, and New Haven to create a military alliance in 1643- 1684. The alliance was to give defense against Native American attackers.

36
Q
  1. Charles II
A

son of the decapitated king, was restored to the throne in 1660 after the civil war. King from 1660-1685. Tried to rebuild the monarchy.

37
Q
  1. Dominion of New England
A

This was a group of English colonies in New England to strengthen power. large colony that combined several British colonies, including Connecticut, Rhode Island, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Vermont, and Maine. New Jersey and New York were added to the Dominion. This was created in 1686.

38
Q

Edmund Andros

A

as an English military man and governor of the Dominion of New England.

39
Q
  1. Navigation Laws
A

The British lost control of trade. That means Americans get to be shipped on English ships. the laws ensured that trade helped England and stop trade with other nations

40
Q
  1. Glorious Revolution/James II
A

was also called the bloodless revolution. Where James 2 was overthrown. He was replaced by William the Third and Mary the 2nd. They both followed Western churches that were different from Roman Catholic churches. It was called “glorious” because it led to a major change in leadership without much fighting or violence.

41
Q
  1. William & Mary
A

They were rulers of England, Scotland, and Ireland. Dutch-born William III and his English wife, Mary II, daughter of James II.

42
Q
  1. Henry Hudson
A

English- explorer, Disregarding orders to sail northeast, ventured into Delaware Bay and New York Bay in 1609 and then ascended the Hudson River, hoping that at last, he had chanced upon a shortcut through the continent. But, as the event proved, he found the Hudson River, Hudson Bay, and Hudson Strait

43
Q
  1. Dutch East India Company
A

The company was founded in 1602 and was created to trade with Asia. The company had its ships and soldiers. was a state within a state and at one time supported an army of 10,000 men and a fleet of 190 ships. Seeking riches, this company employed Henry Hudson.

44
Q
  1. New Netherlands/New Amsterdam/patroons
A

as A Dutch colony in North America in the beautiful Hudson River area, was planted in 1623–1624. New Amsterdam was the capital of the Dutch colony in Manhattan. New Amsterdam—later New York City—was a company town. It was run by and for the Dutch company, in the interests of the stockholders. Patroons were rich Dutch people who were given large land in New Netherlands. They were expected to bring settlers to farm the land and look after the territory.

45
Q
  1. New Sweden
A

This was a Dutch colony in North America from 1638 to 1655. It was near the Delaware River, New Jersey and Pennsylvania. The colony was founded by Swedish people who were looking to expand trade. The colony had good relationships with the natives. New Sweden was conquered by the Dutch and built into the Netherlands.

New Sweden, never important, soon faded away, leaving behind in later Delaware a sprinkling of Swedish place names and Swedish log cabins (the first in America), as well as an admixture of Swedish blood.

46
Q
  1. Peter Stuyvesant
A

the last Dutch governor of New Netherlands. Dutch dispatched a small military expedition in 1655. It was led by General, Peter Stuyvesant, who had lost a leg while soldiering in the West Indies and was dubbed “Father Wooden Leg” by the Indians.

47
Q
  1. Quakers/Religious Society of Friends
A

Their name came because they “quaked” when under deep religious emotion. Officially they were known as the Religious Society of Friends. Quakers were especially offensive to the authorities, both religious and civil. They refused to support the Church of England with taxes. They built simple meetinghouses, without a paid clergy, and “spoke up” themselves in meetings. Believing that they were all children in the sight of God, they kept their broad-brimmed hats on in the presence of their “betters” and addressed others with simple “thee”s and “thou”s, rather than with conventional titles. They would take no oaths because Jesus had commanded, “Swear not at all.” This peculiarity often embroiled them with government officials, for “test oaths” were still required to establish the fact that a person was not a Roman Catholic. They didn’t do rituals, instead, they believed in the importance of directly contacting God.

48
Q
  1. William Penn/Pennsylvania
A

In 1681, Penn managed to secure from King Charles the 2nd an immense grant of fertile land, in consideration of a monetary debt owed to his deceased father by the crown. The king called the area Pennsylvania (“Penn’s Woodland”) in honor of the sire. He was an English Quaker and founded the colony of Pennsylvania and it became a place for Religious Freedom.

49
Q
  1. Philadelphia/1681
A

meaning “brotherly love. This was the capital of Pennsylvania which was bought by Penn from Indians. people came to Philadelphia to get religious freedom. Philadelphia hosted the Constitutional Convention in 1787.

50
Q
  1. Chief Tammany
A

He was the leader of a tribe called Lenape. was a native American of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and tammy hall. Penn bought land from Chief Tammany, later patron saint of New York’s political Tammany Hall. His treatment of the native peoples was so fair that the Quakers went among them unarmed and even employed them as babysitters.

51
Q
  1. “bread colonies”
A

Pennsylvania, New York, Delaware, and New Jersey came to be known as the “bread colonies,” because of their heavy exports of grain, wheat, and corn.

apush (4 decks)

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