APUSH Flashcards
What was the Missouri Crisis?
A crisis over slavery erupted with stunning suddenness. It was, Thomas Jefferson wrote, like “a firebell in the night.” The crisis was ignited by Missouri’s application for statehood and it involved the status of slavery west of the Mississippi River.
What is Nationalism?
Identification with one’s own nation and support for its interests, especially to the exclusion or detriment of the interests of other nations.
What is Sectionalism?
Restriction of interest to a narrow sphere; undue concern with local interests or petty distinctions at the expense of general well-being.
What was the Second Bank of the United States?
It had much in common with its forerunner, including its functions and structure. It would act as fiscal agent for the federal government — holding its deposits, making its payments, and helping it issue debt to the public — and it would issue and redeem banknotes and keep state banks’ issuance of notes in check.
Who was Francis Cabot Lowell, and what is the Lowell System?
A businessman from New England whose ideas changed the textile industry in the Northeast. He developed the Lowell system where textile mills would employ young unmarried women from local farms. The system included a loom that could both spin thread and weave cloth in the same mill.
What are “Internal Improvements”?
A nineteenth-century term referring to investment in transportation projects such as roads, railroads, canals, harbors, and river navigation projects. They were generally restricted to facilitating the transportation of the post—a federal responsibility—by improving roads, bridges, ports, waterways, tunnels, dams, and similar transportation and common-use infrastructure.
Who was John C. Calhoun?
He championed states’ rights and slavery and was a symbol of the Old South. He spent the last 20 years of his life in the U.S. Senate working to unite the South against the abolitionist attack on slavery. His efforts included opposing the admittance of Oregon and California to the Union as free states.
What was the factory system?
A system of manufacturing that began in the 18th century and is based on the concentration of industry into specialized—and often large—establishments. The system arose in the course of the Industrial Revolution.
What was the era of good feelings
James Monroe’s presidency (1817-1825) ushered in what became known as the Era of Good Feelings, based partly on the high level of morale and economic prosperity in the post-war period. After the War of 1812, patriotic feelings ran high in the United States, leading to the emergence of the Era of Good Feelings. During this time of one-party rule, American leaders worked to promote a stronger, self-sufficient United States.
Who was John Quincy Adams?
Adams urged the United States to take a lead in the development of the arts and sciences through the establishment of a national university, the financing of scientific expeditions, and the erection of an observatory. His critics declared such measures transcended constitutional limitations.
What was the Monroe Doctrine?
The three main concepts of the doctrine: separate spheres of influence for the Americas and Europe, non-colonization, and non-intervention: were designed to signify a clear break between the New World and the autocratic realm of Europe.
The European powers, according to Monroe, were obligated to respect the Western Hemisphere as the United States’ sphere of interest. President James Monroe’s 1823 annual message to Congress contained the Monroe Doctrine, which warned European powers not to interfere in the affairs of the Western Hemisphere. The Monroe Doctrine is the best known U.S. policy toward the Western Hemisphere. Buried in a routine annual message delivered to Congress by President James Monroe in December 1823, the doctrine warns European nations that the United States would not tolerate further colonization or puppet monarchs.
What was the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819?
Under the Onís-Adams Treaty of 1819 (also called the Transcontinental Treaty and ratified in 1821) the United States and Spain defined the western limits of the Louisiana Purchase and Spain surrendered its claims to the Pacific Northwest. In return, the United States recognized Spanish sovereignty over Texas.
What was the Missouri COmpromise?
This legislation admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a non-slave state at the same time, so as not to upset the balance between slave and free states in the nation. It also outlawed slavery above the 36º 30’ latitude line in the remainder of the Louisiana Territory.
Who was Henry Clay?
Throughout his career, as senator, Speaker of the House, and secretary of state, Clay helped guide a fragile Union through several critical impasses. As senator, he forged the Compromise of 1850 to maintain the Union, but such compromises could not settle the fractious issues that ultimately resulted in Civil War.
Who was John Marshall?
He served as chief justice of the United States Supreme Court for more than three decades, during which time he helped increase the power and prestige of the Federal court system. Marshall is best known for two important contributions to modern U.S. government. First, he established the power and prestige of the judiciary department, so that it could claim equal status with Congress and the Executive in a balanced government of separated powers.
What was Cohens v. Virginia?
In 1821, U.S. Supreme Court case in which the court reaffirmed its right to review all state court judgments in cases arising under the federal Constitution or a law of the United States.
What was McCulloch v. Maryland?
The court decided that the Federal Government had the right and power to set up a Federal bank and that states did not have the power to tax the Federal Government. Marshall ruled in favor of the Federal Government and concluded, “the power to tax involves the power to destroy.”
What was Gibbons v. Ogden?
It established the precedent that Congress—not the states—has the authority to regulate interstate commerce. The court held that the federal government has the exclusive power to regulate interstate commerce with respect to the nation’s navigable waters.
What was Cherokee Nation v. Georgia?
It is an important case in Native American law because of its implications for tribal sovereignty and how to legally define the relationship between federally recognized Native Amer- ican tribes and the U.S. government.
What was Worcester v. Georgia?
Georgia, legal case in which the U.S. Supreme Court on March 3, 1832, held (5–1) that the states did not have the right to impose regulations on Native American land.
What was the “New Two-Party System”?
There were two main political parties during this time period. One was the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson. The other was the Whig Party, started by Henry Clay. The Whig party was made up of members of the National Republican Party and other people who opposed Jackson.
What was the Tariff of Abominations?
The tariff of 1828 raised taxes on imported manufactures so as to reduce foreign competition with American manufacturing. Southerners, arguing that the tariff enhanced the interests of the Northern manufacturing industry at their expense, referred to it as the Tariff of Abominations.
What was the Corrupt Bargain?
The Presidential election of 1824 is significant for being the only election since the passage of the 12th Amendment to have been decided by the House of Representatives. The 12th Amendment, passed in 1804, addressed concerns that had emerged in the election of 1796 and election of 1800.
What was the Jeffersonian Vision?
Jefferson envisioned a largely autarkic nation with yeoman farmers serving as its economic and political backbone. That notion was at odds with an America whose wealth was increasingly gleaned from foreign markets.farms and farmers
