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Spanish IV H > Apuntes Lección 1 - Estructuras 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 > Flashcards

Apuntes Lección 1 - Estructuras 1.1, 1.2, 1.3 Flashcards

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1
Q

Present tense

A

present tense is
- used to express actions or situations that are going on at the present time
- used to express general truths
- used to express habitual actions or actions that will take place in the near future

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2
Q

subject pronouns

A

normally omitted
they are used to emphasize or clarify the subject

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3
Q

Stem-changing verbs

A

-ar and -er
- e –> ie
- o –> ue

-ir
- e –> I

nosotros/as and vosotros/as never have stem changes in the present tense.

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4
Q

Irregular stem changing verbs (general)

A

construir, destruir, incluir, and influir

add a y before the personal endings.

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5
Q

Irregular yo forms (IYF)

A

-cer -cir -car –> -zco
-ger -gir -gar –> jo

some have irregular -go ending

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6
Q

(IYF) caer

A

to fall
yo caigo

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7
Q

(IYF) distinguir

A

to distinguish
yo dintingo

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8
Q

(IYF) hacer

A

to do, to make
yo hago

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9
Q

(IYF) poner

A

to put, to place
yo pongo

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10
Q

(IYF) salir

A

to leave, to go out
yo salgo

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11
Q

(IYF) traer

A

to bring
yo traigo

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12
Q

(IYF) valer

A

to be worth
yo valgo

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13
Q

(IYF) conducir

A

to drive
yo conduzco

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14
Q

(IYF) conocer

A

to know
yo conozco

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15
Q

(IYF) crecer

A

to grow
yo crezco

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16
Q

(IYF) obedecer

A

to obey
yo obedezco

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17
Q

(IYF) parecer

A

to seem
yo parezco

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18
Q

(IYF) producir

A

to produce
yo produzco

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19
Q

(IYF) traducir

A

to translate
yo traduzco

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20
Q

(IYF) dirigir

A

to direct
yo dirijo

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21
Q

(IYF) escoger

A

to choose
yo escojo

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22
Q

(IYF) exigir

A

to demand
yo exijo

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23
Q

(IYF) proteger

A

to protect
yo protejo

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24
Q

(IYF) caber

A

to fit
yo quepo

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25
Q

(IYF) saber

A

to know
yo sé

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26
Q

(IYF) ver

A

to see
yo veo

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27
Q

(IYF with stem changes) conseguir

A

to get, to obtain
yo consigo

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28
Q

(IYF with stem changes) corregir

A

to correct
yo corrijo

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29
Q

(IYF with stem changes) elegir

A

to elect, to choose
yo elijo

30
Q

(IYF with stem changes) seguir

A

to follow
yo sigo

31
Q

(IYF with stem changes) torcer

A

to twist
yo tuerzo

32
Q

(IYF w prefixes) reconocer

A

to recognize
yo reconozco

33
Q

(IYF w prefixes) deshacer

A

to undo
yo deshago

34
Q

(IYF w prefixes) rehacer

A

to redo
yo rehago

35
Q

(IYF w prefixes) aparecer

A

to appear
yo aparezco

36
Q

(IYF w prefixes) desaparecer

A

to disappear
yo desaparezco

37
Q

(IYF w prefixes) componer

A

to make up
yo compongo

38
Q

(IYF w prefixes) oponer

A

to oppose
yo opongo

39
Q

(IYF w prefixes) proponer

A

to propose
yo propongo

40
Q

(IYF w prefixes) suponer

A

to suppose
yo supongo

41
Q

(IYF w prefixes) atraer

A

to attract
yo atraigo

42
Q

(IYF w prefixes) contraer

A

to contract
yo contraigo

43
Q

(IYF w prefixes) distraer

A

to distract
yo distraigo

44
Q

(Irreg.) dar

A

doy
das
da
damos
dais
dan

45
Q

(Irreg.) decir

A

digo
dices
dice
decimos
decís
dicen

46
Q

(Irreg.) estar

A

estoy
estás
está
estamos
estáis
están

47
Q

(Irreg.) ir

A

voy
vas
va
vamos
vais
van

48
Q

(Irreg.) oír

A

oigo
oyes
oye
oímos
oís
oyen

49
Q

(Irreg.) ser

A

soy
eres
es
somos
sois
son

50
Q

(Irreg.) tener

A

tengo
tienes
tiene
tenemos
tenéis
tienen

51
Q

(Irreg.) venir

A

vengo
vienes
viene
venimos
venís
vienen

52
Q

uses of SER

A

nationality and place of origin (soy de…)
profession or occupation (soy estudiante)
characteristics of people, animals, and things (soy alta)
generalizations (la clase es muy difícil)
possession (es de mí)
material of composition (es de papel)
time, date, or season (son las dos de la mañana)
where or when an event take place (la fiesta es en el apartamento)

(doctor)
d ate
o ccupation
c haracteristics
t ime
o rigin
r elation

53
Q

uses of ESTAR

A

location or spatial relationships (está cerca de la calle)
health (ester enfermo)
physical states and conditions (están cerradas)
emotional states (estoy contenta, estoy enojado)
certain weather expressions (está nublado)
ongoing actions (progressive tenses) (estoy estudiando)
results of actions (past participles) (está cerrada)

(place)
p osition
l ocation
a ction
c ondition
e motion

54
Q

Ser and Estar

A

SER
- express the idea of permanence (inherent or unchanging qualities and characteristics)
ESTAR
- express temporality (qualities or conditions that charge with time)

55
Q

using Gustar

A
  • to please
  • the subject is third person singular or plural
  • often used in the conditional (gustaría) to soften a request)
56
Q

verbs like GUSTAR (VLG)

A

follow the same pattern as gustar

57
Q

(VLG) aburrir

A

to bore
me aburren los libros

58
Q

(VLG) caer bien/mal

llevarse bien/mal

A

to (not) get along well with
me cae bien Megan
me llevo bien con Megan

59
Q

(VLG) disgustar

A

to upset
me disgusta el examen

60
Q

(VLG) doler

A

to hurt
me duele la cabeza

61
Q

(VLG) encantar

A

to like very much
me encanta la película

62
Q

(VLG) faltar

A

to lack; to miss
me faltan dos huevos porque mi hermano los usó ayer.

63
Q

(VLG) fascinar

A

to fascinate
me fascina la tecnología.

64
Q

(VLG) hacer falta

A

to need
me hacen falta huevos para hacer el pastel.

65
Q

(VLG) importar

A

to be important to, to matter
me importa mis notas en la clase de Español.

66
Q

(VLG) interesar

A

to be interesting to; to interest
me interesa la pintura.

67
Q

(VLG) molestar

A

to bother, to annoy
me molesta el ruido.

68
Q

(VLG) preocupar

A

to worry
me preocupa el examen de la mañana

69
Q

(VLG) quedar

A

to be left over; to fit (clothing)
me quedan diez huevos en la cocina después de hacer el pastel.

70
Q

(VLG) sorprender

A

to surprise
Me sorprende mucho verte aquí.

71
Q

Faltar vs. Quedar

A

Falter = lacks
Quedar = left

Spanish IV H (5 decks)

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