APSC 101 Flashcards
It is possible for two different objects to have the same three visible orthographic views (T/F)
True, without hidden lines, we cannot see behind or inside the object (so we could not tell the difference between a solid sphere and a hollow sphere, for example
Which of the following is/are NOT advantages of isometric projection: 1) Scaled measurements can be made directly from drawing; 2) Perspectives are accurate and undistorted; 3) 3D objects can be represented in 2D; 4) The use of common angles across the drawing make it easier to draw
2) only, isometric projection forces parallel lines on the object to be parallel on the page; in reality they converge to a vanishing point (i.e. perspective projection).
What line is used for the following features: 1) Visible edge of a part; 2) Hidden feature of a part; 3) Centreline of a round hole; 4) Centremark of a round hole
1) Solid Line, 2) Dashed Line, 3) Dash-dot Line, 4) + shape with Dash-dot lines
Where are the units for a dimension(e.g. mm, m, in) indicated?
As a note in the title block -> Units for dimensions are stated in the title block of the drawing
Identify the 3 main types of workplace feedback
Appreciation, Coaching, Evaluation
Of the following items, choose all that fit a Complete feedback response from the Receiver: 1) Asks for additional information or suggestions for improvement; 2) Describes impacts as well as observations; 3) Provides suggestions for improvement; 4) Acknowledges and responds to the feedback
1) and 4), The receiver should acknowledge the feedback and seek additional clarification/suggestions (if appropriate). Describing impacts and observations and providing suggestions for improvement come from the message (delivered by the sender)
Of the following items, select all that fit with a Considerate feedback approach, specifically related to the Sender: 1) Is phrased in terms relevant to the receiver; 2) Is postponed if the receiver is stressed or anxious about something else; 3) Recognizes that the receiver may be feeling vulnerable; 4) Uses polite and respectful body language; 5) Is focused on what is achievable by the receiver
2) and 3), The sender being Considerate means being empathetic to the receiver in choosing the time, method, and place of the feedback. This includes recognizing that the receiver may be feeling vulnerable and/or not in an appropriate emotional state to accept feedback. Relevant and achievable feedback relates to a Considerate message only. Polite and respectful body language relates more to being Courteous
Match the descriptions with the appropriate element of the 3x3 Feedback Model: 1) Sender-Courteous; 2) Sender-Considerate; 3) Receiver-Courteous; 4) Message-Considerate; 5) Sender-Clear || A) Use spoken and body language to show you are listening; B) Perhaps postpone the feedback if the other person is very upset; C) Avoid using language that is likely to upset the other person; D) Use spoken language and body language that are consistent; E) Perhaps postpone the feedback if you see the other person is very busy
1E, 2B, 3A, 4C, 5D
Identify all changes that would make the feedback more Considerate and Concrete: “Saman has been late for team quizzes but insists they put their name on the card. Walking to the physics midterm, Misha says to Saman, “The team is getting very frustrated with your lack of contribution. You don’t work as hard as everyone else but you are asking for equal credit. The whole team is upset with you. We need to talk.”: 1) Change the phrase “You don’t work as hard as everyone else” to “You have been late for five quizzes yet you want equal credit”; 2) Change the phrase “…frustrated with your lack of contributions” to “…frustrated wit your arriving late to quizzes”; 3) Postpone giving this feedback until after the exam; 4) Add the sentence “Freeloaders do not deserve equal credit”; 5) Add the sentence “The rest of us make arriving on time a priority so why can’t you?”
1) and 3) are Considerate and 1) and 2) are Concrete
Match the elements: 1) Evaluation; 2) Appreciation; 3) Coaching || A) To help someone recognize they are doing well; B) To rate performance based on established standards; C) To give credit to someone for their contributions
1B, 2C, 3A (part of coaching is to recognize what someone is doing well)
According to the 3x3 Feedback Model, which 3 of the 7 Cs most strongly apply to the Sender?
Clear, Courteous, Considerate, All of the 7 Cs apply, but the most important for the Sender to consider are Clear (spoken language and body language should be easy to follow, consistent, and unambiguous to the receiver), Courteous (tone, message and body language should remain polite and respectful), and Considerate (Recognize that the receiver might feel vulnerable, and keep them in mind when choosing time and method of feedback)
Of the following items, select the two that best fit with a Considerate feedback Message: 1) Provides suggestions for improvement (if appropriate); 2) Is clear in its main point; 3) Describes impacts as well as observations; 4) Is descriptive; 5) Is specific; 6) Is focused on what is achievable by the receiver; 7) Is phrased in terms relevant to the receiver
6) and 7), Considerate means taking the audience into account, and being empathetic to their needs. For feedback, this means phrasing the feedback in terms that matter to the receiver, and in focusing on things that are under the control of the receiver (i.e. what is achievable).
According to the 3x3 Feedback Model, in which Cs below is the body language of the participants very important” 1) Message (Considerate, Complete, Concrete), 2) Sender (Clear, Courteous, Considerate), 3) Receiver (Clear, Courteous, Complete)
Both Sender and Receiver are Clear and Courteous, Both sender and receiver should use Clear body language (i.e. unambiguous and consistent with what they are saying), and Courteous body language (i.e. that is polite and respectful).
Which of the following best describes “allyship”: 1) Taking action to support individuals from underrepresented groups who might face bias; 2) Working with teammates to build psychological safety on the team; Enhancing the quality of relationships between team members to bring the team to performing; 4) Working together with team members to accomplish team goals and build structure and clarity
1), Allyship involves taking actions to support and empower people of underrepresented groups. It usually involves speaking out or taking action in cases where you see issues of bias or lack of inclusion.
How is equity different from equality?
Equity gives all parties the same opportunity for success, whereas Equality means treating everyone the same
Which factor was the most important factor in influencing team effectiveness at Google, and which was not a factor?
Psychological safety within the team was most important, individual talent was not
How are bias are psychological safety related?
The presence of bias inhibits the development of psychological safety, If a person feels targeted or treated unfairly/differently, it is more difficult to feel safe
The number of female musicians in top orchestras dramatically increased when blind auditions concealed gender. What phenomenon does this exemplify?
Implicit bias
Match the elements: 1) Implicit bias; 2) Microaggressions; 3) Stereotype threat || A) Seemingly small actions are statements that reinforce a stereotype; B) How negative assumptions about certain groups can decrease performance; C) Prejudices that exist in a person’s mind without their awareness
1C, 2A, 3B
Which of the following describe “when someone unintentionally does or says something insensitive based on a stereotype they hold about another group of people”: 1) Microaggression, 2) Stereotype threat, 3) Allyship, 4) Implicit bias
1) and 4), These actions may be implicit bias in general or microaggression (if it is a small, commonplace statement or action). There isn’t enough information to conclude. The actions are NOT stereotype threat - that would involve pressure on the individual due to a stereotype about themselves they perceive.
Based on the screencast, which of the following statements is FALSE when considering how dimensions of diversity (including ethnicity, political belief, and gender identity) benefit a team working on a technical project: 1) Dimensions of diversity affect a person’s cultural perspectives and lived experiences; 2) Diverse teams have been found to cultivate stronger relationships; 3) Seemingly unrelated forms of diversity still increase the different ways of thinking and solving problems on a team; 4) Changing a dimension of diversity changes the biological functioning of a person’s brain; 5) Increased diversity means teammates come with different viewpoints and perspectives
4), The benefits of even seemingly unrelated dimensions of diversity primarily come from the different perspectives, experiences, and ways of thinking that individuals bring to the team. Researchers have also found that more diverse teams tend to build stronger relationships (moving them further towards performing on Tuckman’s framework). Changing dimensions of diversity does not directly change the way a person’s brain works.
Select the best term for the following scenarios: A) Equality; B) Equity; C) Microaggression; D) Inclusion; E) Allyship || 1) Hold all team meetings in person on campus but allow everyone to be up to 5 minutes late; 2) Expect all team members to be on time for meetings but allow members with long commutes to join via Zoom; 3) Speaking privately to a team member who made an insensitive comment about gender that impacted another member of that gender identity
1A, 2B, 3E, Holding all meetings in person with a grace period is equality (everyone is treated the same, but it is less fair to those who live far away); Allow commuter students to join remotely is equity (it is most fair); speaking to a member who said an insensitive comment is allyship in that you are working to support the impacted team member. (Note: without more information we do not know whether or not the comment was a microaggression.)
Kaede has observed actions of others suggesting they hold a stereotype that Asians are good at math, but when he asks these people if they believe this is true they sincerely say no. What does this exemplify?
Implicit Bias, This suggests an implicit bias since people do not consciously acknowledge the stereotype but they act in a way that supports it (implicit bias). To be stereotype threat, there would need to be a pressure on Kaede to avoid confirming a negative stereotype.
During which stage in the engineering design process should sustainability be considered?
Throughout the whole design process, especially during the early stages
For what size community do the majority of boil water advisories tend to get issued in Canada: Less than 500 people; 500-5000ppl; 5000+ ppl; Equally between 500-ppl and 500-5000ppl; Equally among everyone
Less than 500 people
At any given time, approximately how many boil water advisories are active in British Columbia: Several; Tens; Hundreds; Thousands
Hundreds
Which of the following were identified as challenges in providing reliable and safe drinking water specifically to small and remote communities: 1) Small systems cost more per volume of treated water compared to large systems; 2) Dealing with highly variable water demands; 3) Dealing with poor source water quality; 4) Finding and retaining qualified water treatment system operators; 5) Transporting chemicals and supplies to the community; 6) Finding treatment technology that can remove contaminants from water
1), 3), 4) and 5), The challenges identified included (i) supplying chemicals and parts to remote locations; (ii) attracting and retaining qualified personnel; (iii) dealing with lower quality source water; and (iv) dealing with economies of scale.
What is the cause of the majority of boil water advisories?
Concerns with the effectiveness of water treatment equipment or processes, almost 80% of boil water advisories in Canada are precautionary in nature in response to problems like these
Approximately what percentage of all boil water advisories in Canada are issued to small communities (less than 500 people)?
~80%
What is an EOI?
An Expression of Interest is an early stage document that is used from a company to indicate that they intend to compete for an opportunity to be involved with a project or job
Match the terms; 1) A cluster of small treatment plants serve an area; 2) Treatment is done for an entire building; 3) Each area is treated locally; 4) A small number of large treatment plants serve a large area; 5) Treatment is done for a single business or household || A) Point of entry; B) Point of use; C) Centralized; D) Semi-decentralized; E) Decentralized
1D, 2A, 3E, 4C, 5B
Approximately how many total kilometers of water supply and sewer pipe are buried in Vancouver: 40km; 200km; 1000km; 5000km; 25000km
~5000km, to be specific, 1500km of water pipe and 3000km of sewer pipe
For a centralized water treatment option to a remote community, how would the water be transported to the community: 1) By aircraft in small containers (20L jugs); 2) By having residents go to the mainland to pick up their own supply of water; 3) By aircraft in bulk shipments; 4) Using a large pipe from the treatment facility to the community; 5) Using a large pipe that connects to the existing water distribution network of the large city on the mainland; 6) By boat in smaller containers (20L jugs); 7) By boat in bulk shipments
6) and 7)
What does a decentralized water treatment option consist of for a remote community?
Treat water at each household, a point of use system involving wells or rainwater collection
What are the advantages of a semi-decentralized or decentralized water treatment system, compared to a centralized one: 1) It produces better quality water; 2) It is better suited to rapid growth of cities; 3) It is easier to monitor; 4) It has a lower cost per volume of water; 5) It is easier to maintain the plant; 6) It is easier to maintain the distribution infrastructure
2) and 6)
What describes a semi-decentralized water treatment system in relation to a centralized one?
Semi-decentralized systems have a greater number of small treatment plants, In semi-decentralized systems, a number of smaller treatment plants serve a section of the city; however, within each of the small sub-systems, water treatment is still locally centralized, hence the name “semi-decentralized”. Systems can be decentralized further to have water treatment at each building, known as a “point of entry” system, or to fully decentralized where each business or household has its own system (known as a “point of use”).
What does the centralized water treatment option consist of for Module 6
Treat water in a large treatment plant on the mainland and transport it to the community
Which of the following is a common difficulty associated with semi-decentralized water treatment in remote communities: Operators may be difficult to recruit and retain; Source water is always of lower quality; Water treatment technologies do not exist; The community is generally less willing to be engaged
Operators may be difficult to recruit and retain, in addition, in remote communities can be difficult to supply parts and chemicals to, may have source water of lower quality, and treatment cost per volume is higher
Order the following from first to last in the Life Cycle: A) Use and Maintenance; B) Disposal; C) Design and Production; D) Extraction of Natural Resources; E) Packaging and Delivery
D, C, E, A, B
Sustainability is a property of which of the following: 1) A design process; 2) A component; 3) A product; 4) A system
4) Only, we need to look at the system overall since a positive effect to one component of a system could have a larger negative effect on another part of a system
At the disposal stage, what is the name for the action that recaptures raw materials or energy from a product at the end of its life?
Recovery
In addition to recovering and recycling, what is the other action at the end of life of a product that reduces demand on natural resources and other raw materials?
Reusing
What does an LCA stand for?
Life Cycle Assessment, though other non-APSC groups use “Analysis”
Which of the following statements about the current use of LCA in practice is false: A) LCA is generally only usable late in the design process; B) LCA is generally used on existing products; C) LCA is still rarely used in industry; D) LCA tends to focus on environmental impacts
C), the detailed nature of info required for an LCA limits its use to existing products or to the late stages of design
What does SLCA stand for?
Streamlined Life Cycle Assessment
What is a functional unit?
A reference unit used to compare different options in an LCA or SLCA, this standard determines the relative number of items needed to achieve the same function
Roughly how many environmental issues identified by an LCA can be caught with an SLCA?
80%
Place the LCA stages in order: A) Goals and Scope; B) Inventory Analysis; C) Impact Assessment; D) Interpretation
A, B, C, D
Match the elements: 1) Considers how a product interacts with other elements; 2) Considers a product through stages from resource extraction to disposal; 3) Focuses on creating positive contributions, not mitigating adverse effect; 4) A property of a system not an object or component || A) Life cycle thinking; B) Systems thinking; C) Sustainability; D) Assessing for sustainability
1B, 2A, 3D, 4C
In the life cycle, materials that are NOT recovered, recycled, or reused from a component are…
Incinerated or sent to the land fill
In comparing LED, CFL, and incandescent light bulbs, what would be the consequence of choosing “1 light bulb” as the functional unit, or is “1 light bulb” a good functional unit: A) This would unfairly advantage incandescent light bulbs, since they tend to have much shorter life; B) There would be no consequence. “1 light bulb” is a good choice for functional unit; C) This would unfairly advantage CFLs, since they have the greatest environmental impact per bulb; D) This would unfairly advantage LEDs, since they tend to have much longer life
A), To match the life of CFLs and LEDs, many more incandescent bulbs are needed (about 22). If the functional unit is “one light bulb,” the net impact of incandescent bulbs would be about 22 times lower than it should be in order to fairly compare against LEDs.
What would be appropriate as a functional unit for comparing electric car batteries?
Person-km of city driving; If we are comparing two different cars, we want to ensure that we remove variations in the range and number of people carried (e.g. use 100,000 person-km) as well as be clear on the type of driving (e.g. city driving). This will dictate the required number and size each type of battery.
Which of the following are advantages of an LCA (in comparison to an SLCA): 1) It is well-suited for making early design decisions; 2) It is easier; 3) It is faster; 4) It can be used throughout the design process; 5) It is less expensive; 6) It uses qualitative data; 7) It uses a formalized standard process; 8) It provides a more objective, quantitative result
7) and 8) only, An LCA is a well-established and formalized process, standardized by groups such as ISO. It is based on specific, quantitative data (input and output energy and material flows), and yields a more objective result.
What was the primary reason for a long downtime in repairing a PlayPump: A) There was not a sufficient supply of repair parts; B) It was difficult for locals to maintain the pump; C) Only certified technicians were allowed to service the pumps, and they had long distances to travel; D) It took time for the community to raise sufficient funds to pay for the repairs
B), The work was difficult for locals to do
Which of the following is/are attributes of appropriate technology: 1) Accepted by the local community; 2) Environmentally sound; 3) Easily manufactured on-site; 4) Made with local materials; 5) Suitable for the economic context where it is used; 6) Suitable for the social context where it is used; 7) Free of electronics
1), 2), 5), and 6), The attributes of appropriate technology are that it is suitable for the context where it is used (socially, economically, and environmentally), and that it is accepted and adapted by the local community
Previously in the course, we said that stakeholder engagement was important across all stages of the design process. Restricting yourself now to only appropriate technology, in which stages is stakeholder engagement important?
All of them, For appropriate technology in particular, community and user input is essential at all stages
What is the key breakdown suggested as to why the PlayPump was not successful?
Not adequately considering problem context
Which of the following best describes why new technology sometimes fails in rural areas or in developing countries: A) The design does not adequately consider user’s needs and how the users will interact with the technology; B) The technology is poorly designed; C) People are not adequately trained how to use technology; D) The infrastructure is not available to operate the technology; E) People are not adequately trained in how to repair the technology
A), A common point of failure is not properly considering context. The technology has to be designed for the needs of the users and for the environment it is implemented in
How EXACTLY should the date of New Year’s 2017 be written on a business letter in North America?
January 1, 2017; The date is written out in full, with the full month, followed by the day’s number, a comma, and finally the full year
If you have stationary with a letterhead, only use the letterhead on the first page of a business letter (T/F)
True, The letterhead (stylized banner with logo and address on the top of the page) is only used on the first page of a letter. Subsequent pages are printed on blank paper
How EXACTLY would one give salutation for a formal business letter addressed to Ms. Sally Smith?
Dear Ms. Smith: ;In a formal business letter, use the title prefix (Ms. Mr. Dr. Prof. etc.) followed by the surname, and then a colon (Note nowadays Ms. is recommended for as equivalent to Mr. for both married and unmarried women)
What are the key features of block format: 1) There is a blank line between paragraphs; 2) Printing is done on stationary with a letterhead; 3) Paragraphs are indented by one tab; 4) All elements start on the left side of the page; 5) The body text is full justified, forming a rectangular “block”
1), and 4) only, The key features are that all elements are aligned on the left, the right edge is ragged; paragraphs are separated by a blank line; and paragraphs are not indented
Fonts such as Comic Sans and Impact should be avoided for traditional companies, but can be used for business letters to more progressive and liberal companies (T/F)
False, novelty fonts should always be avoided
What is the gold standard font to use for a business letter addressed to a highly traditional company?
Times New Roman
Place the following elements for a formal business letter in the order they appear on the page from first to last: A) List of Enclosures; B) Salutations; C) Sender’s Address, D) Inside Address, E) Complimentary Copy List; F) Closing
C), D), B), F), A), E)
Including specific and important details in the letter body exemplifies which two Cs from the 7 Cs?
Concrete and Complete, Adding details in the report body makes it Concrete (vivid and factual) and Complete (including information the receiver needs to respond or act upon the letter).
The arrangement of sections in the body of a business letter (i.e. introduction and purpose > supporting details > purpose and request) most strongly supports which C from the 7 Cs of technical communication?
Complete, The arrangement of sections (outline the purpose, support the purpose with details, repeat the purpose / make a request) most strongly support forming a complete message.
For the sample letter, select all lines that have an error or violation of one the guidelines for formal business letters: A) Dear Ms. Ono, || B) It is with great pleasure that I right to notify you that we have accepted || C) your proposal for the phase II redevelopment project. Please use the || D) enclosed from to arrange a site visit in order to begin work on the full || E) RFP ASAP. We look forward to working together on this project || F) and await your reply. || G) Enclosures: Site Visit Request Form || H) Sincerely: || I) Vanja Horvat, P.eng.
A), B), E), G), and H); The salutation should end in a colon, not a comma (e.g. “Dear Ms. Ono:”) and the close should end in a comma (e.g. “Sincerely,”); there is a typo in the first sentence (i.e. “right” should be “write”); avoid acronyms and abbreviations (e.g. “RFP,” “ASAP”) unless it would seem strange to the receiver to see these written out in full; the list of enclosures comes after the close (i.e. at the bottom in this case).
Most evaluation criterion have associated requirements (T/F)
True, for example, a laptop may have a minimum storage capacity needed (requirement), but more storage would help (evaluation criteria)
Which of the following is generally the most vague: A) Requirements; B) Needs; C) Target Design Specifications; D) Evaluation Criteria
Needs, they are often expressed in the language of the stakeholder, and are generally vague. Note with requirements and evaluation criteria (and therefore target design specifications) we are quantifying acceptance or performance, so they are less vague
Which of the following is used to quantify stakeholder preference or satisfaction between different, otherwise acceptable, options: A) attributes, B) Needs, C) Evaluation Criteria; D) Parameters; E) Requirements; F) Target Design Specs.
Evaluation Criteria
In designing an automobile with an internal combustion engine, what does “fuel tank capacity” represent?
A design parameter, since this is controlled by the engineer, and is likely not of significant direct interest to the stakeholder
In designing an automobile with an internal combustion engine, what does “cost to refuel” represent?
Attribute; it is something of direct interest to the stakeholders
What is the horizontal axis of a satisfaction curve?
Attributes
One design parameter can influence multiple attributes and multiple design parameters can influence the same attribute (T?F)
True
What is the name for the statements that characterize the wants and wishes of stakeholders?
Needs
What are the inputs in the design of a product that the design engineer determines?
Parameters, and they are determined by the engineers, while the product attributes are like outputs and they are of interest to the stakeholders.
In designing an automobile with an internal combustion engine, an engineer is able to choose the capacity of the fuel tank. This influences the range of the vehicle between refueling, the cost to refuel, the size and layout of the vehicle, the weight and handling of the vehicle, and more. What does “maximum acceptable cost to refuel” most likely represent ?
Requirement, it is a pass/fail threshold
In designing an automobile with an internal combustion engine, an engineer is able to choose the capacity of the fuel tank. This influences the range of the vehicle between refueling, the cost to refuel, the size and layout of the vehicle, the weight and handling of the vehicle, and more. What does “vehicle range between refueling” most likely represent ?
Attribute, it is something of direct interest to the stakeholders.
What are satisfaction curves intended to quantify?
Evaluation Criteria, They capture how satisfied stakeholders are for attribute values better than any minimum threshold.
In the design of a new laptop, a battery with higher capacity gives longer battery life, but also costs more and weighs more. What shape is expected for the satisfaction curve for battery life?
Something with a plateau for high values of battery life since there isn’t a downside to too much battery life, While it is true longer battery life comes with higher cost and weight, those factors due not influence the battery life satisfaction curve. There would be separate satisfaction curves for cost and weight, if those are of importance to the stakeholders.
