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Geography Test April > April > Flashcards

April Flashcards

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1
Q

What is weathering

A

The action of weather, plants and animals on rock

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2
Q

What is erosion

A

Wearing away and removal of rock, soil etc by rivers, sea, ice and wind

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3
Q

Hard rock coast &example

A

Lands end.
Cliff face bare
High steep& rugged
Sea is clear

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4
Q

Soft rock coast& example

A

Yorkshire coast
Mud on cliff
Less rugged not as steep
Sea is brown

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5
Q

Erosion examples

A

Abrasion-waves hurl small pebbles or sand at the cliff
Hydraulic Action-breaking waves smash into cliffs, air is forced into cracks in cliff, air loosens and breaks away rock
Attrition-when rocks&pebbles collide together
Solution-minerals in rock eroded away by salt water

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6
Q

What are waves

A

Wind dragging on the waters surface

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7
Q

What is the “fetch”?

A

The distance the wind blows over the surface of the water

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8
Q

Size and energy of a wave is influenced by:

A
  • How long wind has been blowing

- wind strength

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9
Q

Swash

A

——>

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10
Q

Backwash

A
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11
Q

Swash > backwash

A

Constructive waves

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12
Q

Swash

A

Deconstructive waves

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13
Q

Constructive waves

A 
Strong swash 
Weak backwash 
Long wavelength 
Low height 
Hits 6-9 times a minute
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14
Q

Destructive waves

A 
Weak swash 
Strong backwash 
Created in storm conditions 
Big strong waves because of powerful wind 
High wave 
Short wave length 
Tail breaker breaks downwards with force eroding coast 
Travels over fetch
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15
Q

The stronger the wind

A

The longer it blows for
The longer the fetch
The larger the waves will be

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16
Q

Explain how headlands and bays form

A

Due to waves, soft rock erodes faster than harder rocks. As the soft rock erodes faster, a bay is then left. The hard rock remains and doesn’t erode like the soft rock, so it remains as a headland

17
Q

What is a concordant coast?

A

When hard and soft rock is parallel. Example Lulworth Cove. Limestone at front and clay at back. Waves cut through a weak spot at front. There is more resistance chalk at back so it takes longer to erode.

18
Q

How does longshore drift cause spits??

A

Swash and backwash causes longshore drift. Sediment is moved through the beach until it reaches headland and attaches itself
The zig zag pattern follows wind direction
A change in wind direction causes the longshore drift to curve and go back on itself
This is what causes the curved shape of the spit

19
Q

Discordant coast

A 
Hard and soft rock at right angles to the coast 
Swanage bay 
Hard rock- limestone 
Soft Rock- clay 
Creates headland and bay effect
20
Q

Explain formation of wave cut platforms

A
  1. when there’s high tide at the bottom of a cliff, overtime part will wear and erode, creating a wave cut notch.
  2. the wave cut notch tries to hold up the top heavy cliff but eventually collapses.
  3. the process then starts again, leaving behind a wave cut platform that is only visible in low tides
21
Q

Transport

A

Waves also carry eroded material

22
Q

What is longshore drift?

A

Movement of sediment along beach. Provailing winds hit at an angle, causing swash at a diagonal angle. The swash picks up sediment which is then brought straight down into the sea by back wash. This process will repeat causing a zig zag motion.

23
Q

What are groynes?

A
  • put in place where longshore drift occurs
  • stop sediment from moving along beach
  • causes a build up of sediment depending on where the wind is blowing
  • positives: reduce/get rid of sediment on beach
  • negatives: reduced sand in some areas means places behind beach may not be protected
24
Q

Three different types of weathering

A

Biological
Mechanical
Chemical

25
Q

Biological weathering

A
  • action of plants and animals on rock
  • when a seed is put in a tree by an animal (e.g a rat)
  • the seed is still able to receive some sunshine and rain water
  • its roots grow, pushing rocks apart
26
Q

Mechanical weathering

A
  • the sea has salt in it so when the sea hits rock, small salt crystals are forced into cracks in the rock
  • the salt crystals grow and collide, pushing rock apart and causing it to crumble.
27
Q

Chemical weathering

A
  • action of water, contains small amounts of acid
  • it hits the rock, causing parts to fall off and dissolve
  • acid rain causes this
  • you get acid rain from pollutants in factories, cars etc
28
Q

What is geology?

A

The study of rocks and how they’re arranged

Geography Test April (1 decks)

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