April 21st BIG test Flashcards
SWBAT: ummmm NOT FAIL
What are the phases of mitosis in order?
PPMAT: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase!!! (and then Cytokinesis)
What is the photosynthesis formula?
6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2
6 carbon plus 6 water molecules makes one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules
What is a chromosome?
A chromosome is a long DNA strand (wound up) that codes for part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes contain packaging proteins called histones, which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity.
What is asexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction is when only one parent produces offspring. This means all the DNA of the offspring comes from one parent, so the offspring is identical; a clone of the parent.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual reproduction is the uniting of two gametes, or reproductive cells, from 2 parents to produce offspring. The gametes are sperm in males and eggs in females. So the offspring gets its genetic material from both parents.
What is a punnett square?
A punnett square is a way to visualize the passing down of traits from parent to offspring.
What is a solvent?
A substance in which another substance is dissolved in (ex. Water)
What is a solute?
Substance that is being dissolved in the solvent (ex. Salt)
What is osmosis?
The net movement of solute from a higher concentration region to that of a lower concentration of solute, through a selectively permeable membrane.
What is diffusion?
Solvent molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (also through a semipermeable membrane)
What is epithelium tissue?
A type of body tissue that lines the inside/outside of an organ
Simple epithelial tissue has only a single layer of cells
Stratified epitheliums have multiple layers
What are covalent bonds?
When two or more atoms that share electrons; contain a lot of energy
What are polar covalent bonds?
When two or more opposite-charged atoms that are attracted to each other
What are ionic bonds?
When one atom takes an electron from another, making one negatively charged and the other positive (these are the strongest bonds)
What is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell?
The difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is that eukaryotic cells have nuclei while prokaryotic cells do not.
What are hydroponics/aquaponics?
Hydroponics is growing food on water instead of in soil and uses chemical fertilizers to add nutrients, enabling the food to grow. Aquaponics gets the nutrients from fish waste.
Types of nutrients
Carbohydrates: Simple and complex Proteins Lipids/Fats: Unsaturated or saturated Vitamins Minerals Water
What are the characteristics of living things?
Made of Cells Grows and develops Reproduces Contains DNA Requires Energy Responds to stimuli Evolutionary adaptation (can adapt) Have levels of Organization
Dominant/recessive traits
A dominant allele is represented by a capital letter
A Recessive allele represented by lowercase letters
Only one dominant allele is required for the phenotype to be expressed
2 recessive alleles are required for the phenotype to be expressed
What is voluntary muscle tissue?
Voluntary muscle tissue is tissue that can be controlled by thinking about it, such as writing, walking, lifting things, etc.
Attached to bones by tendons
Can be controlled consciously
Contain striations
What is involuntary muscle tissue?
Involuntary muscle tissue is the tissue that doesn’t need to be thought of before controlling, such as blinking your eyes, breathing, etc.
What are DNA sequences?
The base pairs are adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine. Three base pairs form a codon. Lots of codons can be assembled together to form genes, which code for specific traits, such as eye color.
What happens during prophase?
The chromosomes condense, and centriole pairs move to opposite sides of the nucleus.
What happens during prometaphase?
The nuclear envelope breaks down, there is now no nucleus and the sister chromatids are free. Thin proteins from the poles of the cell attach to each side of the protein around the centromere (center of the chromosome)
