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Science Test Cards > April 21st BIG test > Flashcards

April 21st BIG test Flashcards

SWBAT: ummmm NOT FAIL

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the phases of mitosis in order?

A

PPMAT: Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase!!! (and then Cytokinesis)

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2
Q

What is the photosynthesis formula?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O = C6H12O6 + 6O2

6 carbon plus 6 water molecules makes one glucose molecule and 6 oxygen molecules

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3
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

A chromosome is a long DNA strand (wound up) that codes for part or all of the genetic material of an organism. Most eukaryotic chromosomes contain packaging proteins called histones, which, aided by chaperone proteins, bind to and condense the DNA molecule to maintain its integrity.

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4
Q

What is asexual reproduction?

A

Asexual reproduction is when only one parent produces offspring. This means all the DNA of the offspring comes from one parent, so the offspring is identical; a clone of the parent.

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5
Q

What is sexual reproduction?

A

Sexual reproduction is the uniting of two gametes, or reproductive cells, from 2 parents to produce offspring. The gametes are sperm in males and eggs in females. So the offspring gets its genetic material from both parents.

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6
Q

What is a punnett square?

A

A punnett square is a way to visualize the passing down of traits from parent to offspring.

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7
Q

What is a solvent?

A

A substance in which another substance is dissolved in (ex. Water)

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8
Q

What is a solute?

A

Substance that is being dissolved in the solvent (ex. Salt)

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9
Q

What is osmosis?

A

The net movement of solute from a higher concentration region to that of a lower concentration of solute, through a selectively permeable membrane.

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10
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Solvent molecules move from a region of lower concentration to one of higher concentration (also through a semipermeable membrane)

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11
Q

What is epithelium tissue?

A

A type of body tissue that lines the inside/outside of an organ
Simple epithelial tissue has only a single layer of cells
Stratified epitheliums have multiple layers

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12
Q

What are covalent bonds?

A

When two or more atoms that share electrons; contain a lot of energy

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13
Q

What are polar covalent bonds?

A

When two or more opposite-charged atoms that are attracted to each other

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14
Q

What are ionic bonds?

A

When one atom takes an electron from another, making one negatively charged and the other positive (these are the strongest bonds)

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15
Q

What is the difference between a eukaryotic and a prokaryotic cell?

A

The difference between a prokaryotic and eukaryotic cell is that eukaryotic cells have nuclei while prokaryotic cells do not.

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16
Q

What are hydroponics/aquaponics?

A

Hydroponics is growing food on water instead of in soil and uses chemical fertilizers to add nutrients, enabling the food to grow. Aquaponics gets the nutrients from fish waste.

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17
Q

Types of nutrients

A 
Carbohydrates: Simple and complex
Proteins
Lipids/Fats: Unsaturated or saturated
Vitamins
Minerals
Water
18
Q

What are the characteristics of living things?

A 
Made of Cells
Grows and develops
Reproduces 
Contains DNA
Requires Energy
Responds to stimuli
Evolutionary adaptation (can adapt)
Have levels of Organization
19
Q

Dominant/recessive traits

A

A dominant allele is represented by a capital letter
A Recessive allele represented by lowercase letters
Only one dominant allele is required for the phenotype to be expressed
2 recessive alleles are required for the phenotype to be expressed

20
Q

What is voluntary muscle tissue?

A

Voluntary muscle tissue is tissue that can be controlled by thinking about it, such as writing, walking, lifting things, etc.

Attached to bones by tendons
Can be controlled consciously
Contain striations

21
Q

What is involuntary muscle tissue?

A

Involuntary muscle tissue is the tissue that doesn’t need to be thought of before controlling, such as blinking your eyes, breathing, etc.

22
Q

What are DNA sequences?

A

The base pairs are adenine to thymine and cytosine to guanine. Three base pairs form a codon. Lots of codons can be assembled together to form genes, which code for specific traits, such as eye color.

23
Q

What happens during prophase?

A

The chromosomes condense, and centriole pairs move to opposite sides of the nucleus.

24
Q

What happens during prometaphase?

A

The nuclear envelope breaks down, there is now no nucleus and the sister chromatids are free. Thin proteins from the poles of the cell attach to each side of the protein around the centromere (center of the chromosome)

25
Q

What happens during metaphase?

A

The sister chromatids stay attached at the centromere, lined up at the middle of the cell by the microtubules (the thin proteins)

26
Q

What happens during anaphase?

A

The sister chromatids split apart and move to opposite poles of the cell. The cells start to be pushed apart.

27
Q

What happens during telophase?

A

The spindle fibers shrink, and a nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes at the poles.

28
Q

What happens during cytokenisis?

A

Cleavage furrow forms and the cells physically split. (Note, this is not considered a phase but is equally important in cell division.

29
Q

What are the 11 body systems?

A
  • Skeletal
  • Integumentary
  • Digestive
  • Respiratory
  • Lymphatic
  • Muscular
  • Circulatory
  • Endocrine
  • Urinary
  • Reproductive
  • Nervous systems.
30
Q

What is the skeletal system?

A

The organ system that contains all 206 bones, as well as joints to connect them all

31
Q

What is the integumentary system?

A

All of your skin, hair and nails

32
Q

What is the digestive system?

A

Helps you digest food and liquid (made up of the esophagus, stomach, liver, small and large intestines, pancreas, mouth, gallbladder)

33
Q

What is the respiratory system?

A

Makes you breathe (made up of lungs, nose, trachea, and diaphragm)

34
Q

What is the lymphatic system?

A

Drains lymph fluid (made up of bone marrow, spleen, thymus gland, lymph nodes, and tonsil)

35
Q

What is the muscular system?

A

Made up of muscles and works with the skeletal system to control movement. (made up of smooth, cardiac and skeletal muscle)

36
Q

What is the circulatory system?

A

Pumps and circulates blood all over your body (made up of heart, veins, arteries, and capillaries)

37
Q

What is the endocrine system?

A

Produces and regulates hormones (made up of pancreas, many glands, sex organs)

38
Q

What is the excretory system?

A

Controls and disposes waste from your body (made up of kidneys, renal pelvis, ureters, bladder and urethra)

39
Q

What is the reproductive system?

A

The system that lets you reproduce… (made up of the reproductive organs, depending on assigned gender at birth)

40
Q

What is the nervous system?

A

Sends and receives nerve signals (made up brain, spinal cord, sensory organs, and all nerves in the body)

41
Q

What are the 5 parts of a plant?

A

Root, Stem, Leaves, Fruit, Flower

42
Q

What are the 4 MAIN parts of a flower?

A

petal, sepal, pistil, stamen

Science Test Cards (1 decks)

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