Apraxia of Speech

Question 1

apraxia

Answer 1

motor disorder caused by damage to the brain (specifically the posterior parietal cortex or corpus callosum)

Question 2

apraxia is the inability to…

Answer 2

carryout learned purposeful movement despite the presence of a good motor, sensory, or coordination function

Question 3

for apraxia, both the desire and capacity to move are present but…

Answer 3

the person simply cannot execute the act

Question 4

frontal lobes are important for…

Answer 4

voluntary movement, expressive language, and managing higher level executive functions

Question 5

cerebellum has the ability to…

Answer 5

store and update motor information

Question 6

causes

Answer 6

• lesions of the premotor frontal cortex of either hemisphere, left inferior parietal lobe, and corpus callosum
• any disease of these areas can cause apraxia, although stroke and dementia are the most common causes
• tissue or cellular damage (lesions) to other specific parts of the brain (the premotor frontal cortex of either hemisphere, left inferior parietal lobe, and corpus callosum), whether as a result of stroke or wounds, tumors, or dementias
• individuals with degenerative dementia

Question 7

oculomotor apraxia

Answer 7

a dominant genetic trait

Question 8

signs and symptoms

Answer 8

• inability to perform movement in the absence of any physical paralysis
• commands to move are understood, but cannot be executed
• movement is very clumsy, uncontrolled and inappropriate
• involuntary and unintentional movement is very common
• apraxia is sometimes accompanied by a person’s loss of ability to comprehend or use words (aphasia)

Question 9

types of apraxia

Answer 9

1. ideational apraxia
2. ideomotor apraxia
3. buccofacial apraxia

Question 10

ideational apraxia

Answer 10

• often seen in patients with extensive left hemisphere damage, dementia, or delirium
• it is inability to perform a purposeful motor act, either automatically or on command, because the patient no longer understands the overall concept of the act, cannot retain the idea of the task, or cannot formulate the motor patterns required

Question 11

ideational apraxia: cause

Answer 11

dominant parietal lobe, diffuse brain damage (cerebral arteriosclerosis)

Question 12

example of ideational apraxia

Answer 12

when presented in the clinic with a toothbrush and toothpaste and told to brush the teeth, the patient may put the tube of toothpaste in the mouth, or try to put toothpaste on the toothbrush without removing the cap

Question 13

ideomotor apraxia

Answer 13

• the patient is unable to produce a movement on command but is able to move automatically
• show temporal and spatial errors affecting timing, sequencing, amplitude, configuration, and limb position in space

Question 14

ideomotor apraxia: lesion area

Answer 14

• left, dominant hemisphere
• frontal lesion, posterior lesions

Question 15

example of ideomotor apraxia

Answer 15

the patient may fail to walk if requested to in a traditional manner. however, if a cup of coffee is placed on a table at the other end of the room and the patient is told, “please have coffee,” the patient is likely to traverse the room to get it.

Question 16

buccofacial apraxia

Answer 16

type of ideomotor apraxia characterized by difficulties with performing the purposeful movements that involve facial muscles related to the mouth

Question 17

buccofacial apraxia: lesions

Answer 17

frontal and central opercula, anterior insula, and a small area of the first temporal gyrus (adjacent to the frontal and central opercula)