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Neuro 4 (sam > Apraxia and neglect > Flashcards

Apraxia and neglect Flashcards

1
Q

premotor cortex is associated with what area of brain?

A

cerebellum

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2
Q

supplemental motor cortex is associated with what area of brain?

A

basal ganglia

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3
Q

With simple finger movements, what areas of brain are active?

A

primary motor and sensory

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4
Q

With complex finger movements, which area of the brain is acitve?

A

Bilateral suplemental motor area and primary motor and sensory

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5
Q

With mental rehearsal of complex finger movements, what area of the brain is active?

A

only supplemental area

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6
Q

Supplemental motor area is associated with what type of movements?

A

Internally generated movements

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7
Q

Supplemental motor area associated with movements that have or have not been prelearned?

A

SMA associated with movements that HAVE been previously learned (think BG and parkinsons, motor patterns)

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8
Q

During what type of practice is the supplemental motor area active?

A

during mental practice

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9
Q

With what type of cue is the premotor cortex active?

A

When movement initiation is dependent on an external cue

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10
Q

What type of sensory input is the premotor cortex most active with and why?

A

most active when movement is visually guided b/c it interacts with the parietal cortex

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11
Q

Premotor cortex is most active in which phase of learning?

A

early phase of learning

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12
Q

What type of neurons are associated with the premotor cortex?

A

mirror neurons which fire when movement is watched

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13
Q

What phase of movement is the primary motor cortex associated with?

A

Movement initiation

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14
Q

What type of movements are associated with the Primary motor cortex?

A

Fine motor control
Novel Movements
Highly fractionated movements

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15
Q

What visual pathway is the inferior parietal lobule associated with?

A

“Where” visual pathway

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16
Q

What type of map does the Inferior parietal lobule generate?

A

Spatial map of body and environment

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17
Q

What do you get with a lesion of the Inferior parietal lobule?

A

Optical ataxia, apraxia

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18
Q

What is apraxia?

A

Difficulty or inability in executing appropriate and purposeful movements despite absence of paresis, ataxia or sensory loss, comprehension, attention or willingness to perform the movement

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19
Q

What three things does apraxia affect?

A

Affects previously learned movements
affects ability to learn new tasks
Affects non-paretic side

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20
Q

What type of damage does Apraxia usually result from?

A

Parietal lobe damage-esp. inf. parietal

Sometimes frontal motor association area damage

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21
Q

What hemisphere is usually damaged with apraxia?

A

Usually left hemisphere (dominant)

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22
Q

What type of damage can cause ideomotor apraxia?

A

Dominant parietal, sometimes Primary Motor cortex

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23
Q

What is the most common form of apraxia?

A

Ideomotor apraxia

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24
Q

What type of deficits do you see with ideomotor apraxia?

A

Motor planning deficits

Breakdown betwen concept and performance

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25
Q

Between what two structures is there a lack of communication in ideomotor apraxia?

A

Inferior parietal lobule does not communicate movement parameters with the Primary motor cotex

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26
Q

Pts with ideomotor apraxia have difficulty performing spontaneous mvmts or mvmts on command?

A

Movements on command OR initiating gestures

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27
Q

What is the movement quality of someone with ideomotor apraxia?

A

Awkward and clumsy

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28
Q

What muscles will be overused in ideomotor apraxia and why?

A

Proximal muscles will be overused to compensate for impairment of distal musculature control

29
Q

What is it called when someone with ideomotor apraxia gets stuck on a movement?

A

perseveration

30
Q

What type of understanging about an object do pts with ideomotor apraxia have?

A

Usually can describe the use of an object but cannot sequence movements to use it correctly (due to motor planning deficits)

31
Q

What is oral motor apraxia?

A

Same disorder as ideomotor apraxia except it affects the lips and face, including purposeful movements associated with speaking and facial expression

32
Q

Is ideational apraxia more or less severe than ideomotor apraxia?

A

A more severe form of motor planning defecit than ideomotor apraxia

33
Q

What is the main difference between ideomotor apraxia and ideational apraxia?

A

With ideomotor apraxia you can still conceptualize the task, you just cannot correctly sequence the motor plan. With ideational apraxia you cannot conceptualize the motor task

34
Q

With ideational apraxia, how well do pts perform a series of tasks

A

badly

35
Q

What types of errors do those with ideational apraxia make?

A

misuse/mislocation of objects
sequencing errors
omission errors

36
Q

What do more severe cases of ideational apraxia look like?

A

cannot describe the motor task or the use of the object

have no spontaneous movement

37
Q

What is Constructional apraxia?

A

The inability to construct or copy simple designs or models

38
Q

What area of the brain is affected with constructional apraxia?

A

Visual association cortex of NONDOMINANT parietal lobe

39
Q

Are patients with constructional apraxia aware of their mistakes?

A

yes

40
Q

What is dressing apraxia?

A

inability to dress oneself properly due to a disorder in body schema or spatial relationships

41
Q

What area of the brain is affected with dressing apraxia?

A

NONDOMINANT occipital or parietal lobe

42
Q

go review assessment and treatment principals

A

NOW!!!

43
Q

What is Agnosia?

A

Inability to recognize

44
Q

What is tactile agnosia?

A

cannot recognize objects by touch

45
Q

What area of the brain is affected with tactile agnosia?

A

areas 5,7 of the non dominant parietal lobe

46
Q

what is visual agnosia?

A

cannot recognize by wight

47
Q

With visual agnosia, what area of the brain is affected?

A

“What” pathway

  • vis. association areas 18, 19 for nonsymbolic objects
  • nondominant inferior parietal lobule for symbols like words/signs
48
Q

What is auditory agnosia?

A

cannot recognize by sound (e.g. moo for cow)

49
Q

What part of the brain is affected with auditory agnosia?

A

Superior part of temporal lobe, bilateral damage

50
Q

What is autotopagnosia?

A

AKA somatoagnosia

Inability to identify the body or its parts or to orient them correctly

51
Q

What area of the brain is affected with autotopagnosia?

A

nondominant inferior parietal lbule (area 39, 40)

52
Q

What is anosognisa?

A

unaware or denial of illness

53
Q

What area is affected with anosognisa?

A

Nondominant inferior parietal lobule (area 39,40)

54
Q

What is prosopagnosia?

A

Inability to recognize faces

55
Q

What area of the brain is damaged with prosopagnosia?

A

Damage to nondominant occipto-temporal area (“what pathway”)

56
Q

What is neglect?

A

Failure to report, orient toward, or respond to stimuli on the contralateral side of space that cannot be attributed to sensory or motor dysfunction

57
Q

What is personal space?

A

area pertaining directly to the body

58
Q

What is peripersonal space?

A

space within reacing distance

59
Q

What is extrapersonal space?

A

area beyond reach

60
Q

What area of the brain is usually lesioned in pts with neglect?

A

Usually nondominant inferior parietal lobe (39,40)

-occasionally nondominant frontal, thalamus or basal ganglia

61
Q

What is the incidence of neglect with a RCVA?

A

13-81%. real specific…

62
Q

What effect does neglect have on patient outcomes?

A

poorer outcomes than pts without neglect

63
Q

What does neglect often occur with?

A

anosognosia

64
Q

What are the two proposed mechanisms of neglect?

A

disorder of attention

Disorder of coding visual information

65
Q

review testing and intervention for neglect

A

NOW!!!!!

66
Q

What is right parietal syndrome?

A

damage to the non-dominant (right) hemisphere, esp. parietal lobe, often resulting in severe perceptual defecits that often occur in combination

67
Q

What are symptoms of an internal capsule stroke?

A

Pure motor hemiplegia and/or pure sensory hemianesthesia

68
Q

What are some symptoms of a hypoperfusion (dorderzone/watershed) stroke?

A

Weakness shoulder>arm>face
anomic aphasia (word recall)
ideational apraxia

Neuro 4 (sam (7 decks)

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