Approximate normal values

Question 1

BUN

Answer 1

10-20mg/dL

Question 2

creatinine

Answer 2

< 1 mg/dL

Question 3

Bicarbonate

Answer 3

20-30 mEq/L

Question 4

sodium

Answer 4

140-150 mEq/L

Question 5

potassium

Answer 5

4-5 mEq/L

Question 6

Chloride

Answer 6

100 mEq/L

Question 7

Glucose

Answer 7

60-100 mg/dL

Question 8

calcium

Answer 8

8-10 mg/L

Question 9

uric acid

Answer 9

< 7 mg/dL

Question 10

albumin

Answer 10

3-5 mg/dL

Question 11

globulin

Answer 11

2-3 g/dL

Question 12

bilirubin

Answer 12

< 1 mg/dL

Question 13

alk. phosphate

Answer 13

< 100 U/L

Question 14

ALT

Answer 14

< 40 U/L

Question 15

AST

Answer 15

< 40 U/L

Question 16

LDH

Answer 16

100-200 U/L

Question 17

cholesterol

Answer 17

< 200 mg/dL

Question 18

triglycerides

Answer 18

< 150 mg/dL

Question 19

For test results with people with a selected disease, what does it mean to be true positive?

Answer 19

number of disease people with a positive test result

Question 20

For test results with people with a selected disease, what does it mean to be false negative?

Answer 20

number of diseased people with a negative test result

Question 21

For test results for non-diseased people what does it mean to be true negative?

Answer 21

number of non-diseased people with a negative test result

Question 22

For test results for non-diseased people what does it mean to be false positive?

Answer 22

number of non-diseased people with a positive test result

Question 23

what is sensitivity?

Answer 23

likelihood for having positive result in people who have a selected disease
PID-> positive in disease

Question 24

formula for calculating sensitivity

Answer 24

TP/ (TP+FN)

Question 25

what rate determines the test's sensitivity?

Answer 25

false negative

Question 26

what does SNOUT mean?

Answer 26

SeNsitivity rules OUT

Question 27

tests with 100% sensitivity means what? (no false negatives)

Answer 27

normal test results excludes disease - positive result includes all people with disease but positive test result does NOT confirm disease - test is used most often as a screening test

Question 28

what is specificity?

Answer 28

likelihood of having negative results in non-diseased people NIH-> negative in health

Question 29

formula for calculating specificity

Answer 29

TN/ (TN+FP)

Question 30

what rate determines the test's specificity?

Answer 30

false positive

Question 31

tests with 100% specificity (no false positives)

Answer 31

SPIN (SPecificity rules IN) | -positive test result confirms disease but negative test result does NOT exclude disease

Question 32

what is the predictive value of a negative test result, NVP-?

Answer 32

likelihood that a negative test result excludes disease TN/ (TN+FN) - NPV reflects the FN rate of a test - tests with 100% sensitivity (no FN) always have a NPV- of 100%

Question 33

what is the predictive value of a positive test result PPV+?

Answer 33

likelihood that a positive test result confirms disease TP/ (TP+FP) - PPV+ best reflect the FP rate of a test - tests with 100% specificity (no FP) always have a PPV+ of 100%

Question 34

what is prevalence?

Answer 34

total number of people with disease in the population under study -population includes diseased and non-diseased people

Question 35

formula for prevalence?

Answer 35

(TP+FN)/ (TP + FN + TN + FP)

Question 36

Low prevalence of disease means what for NPV- and PPV+?

Answer 36

as NPV- (likelihood that a negative test result excludes disease)-> increases more TN's relative to FN's PPV+ (likelihood that a positive test result confirms disease) decreases more FP's relative to TP's.

Question 37

High prevalence of disease means what for NPV- and PPV+?

Answer 37

As NPV- decreases, more FN's and TN's As PPV+ increases, more TP's than FP's

Question 38

adult hematology normal values? RBC

Answer 38

5 million/mm^3

Question 39

adult hematology normal values? WBC

Answer 39

5-10 thousand/mm^3

Question 40

adult hematology normal values, differential: granulocytes/lymph/mono

Answer 40

(60/30/5)

Question 41

adult hematology normal values? HCT

Answer 41

40-50%

Question 42

adult hematology normal values? Platelets

Answer 42

250,000+/- 100,000

Question 43

adult hematology normal values? reticulocytes

Answer 43

1% x 5 million-> 50,000/mm^3