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Psychology- Paper 2- Studies > Approoaches > Flashcards

Approoaches Flashcards

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1
Q

History of psychology- William Wundt-
In what country did Wundt open the first psychological lab in 1879?

A

Germany

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2
Q

History of psychology- William wundt-
What theory did Wundt create? And what is it?

A

Introspection- the systematic analysis of your conscious experience of a stimulus (thoughts, images and sensations)

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3
Q

History of psychology- William Wundt-
What was wundts study?

A

Wundt trained psychology students to make observations about their responses to certain stimuli

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4
Q

Behaviourist approach- classical conditioning-
Who discovered classical conditioning? When?

A

Pavlov (1927)

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5
Q

Behaviours it approach- classical conditioning-
What were each of the factors in Pavlovs study?

A

UCS- food
UcR- salivating
NS- bell
CS- bell
CR- salivating

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6
Q

Behaviourist approach- operant conditioning-
Who put this conditioning forward? When?

A

Skinner (1938)

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7
Q

Behaviourist approach- operant conditioning-
What did Skinner do in his study for negative and positive reinforcement?

A

Negative reinforcement- the removal of an electric shock
Positive reinforcement- gain food pellets

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8
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What year was the study conducted?

A

1963

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9
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
How many nursery school students took part in this study? How many groups?

A

66, split into 3 groups

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10
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What did all the groups of children watch?

A

A video of an adult acting aggressively towards a bobo doll

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11
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What were the three conditions?

A

1= the adult was neither rewarded or punished
2= the children saw the adult be rewarded
3= the children saw the adult. Be punished

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12
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What were the findings of Banduras study?

A

Condition 2 was the most aggressive, condition 3 was the least aggressive

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13
Q

Social learning theory- Bandura-
What was the conclusion?

A

All children learnt to perform aggressively, however children in condition 3 did not perform as many aggressive acts until they were rewarded to do so

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14
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What kind of analysis dod Billet carry out?

A

A meta analysis

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15
Q

Biological approach- Billlet-
What did Billet want to investigate?

A

If there was a genetic explanation for OCD

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16
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What concordance rate did he fond between the two types of twins?

A

Mz= 68%, Dz= 31%

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17
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
How many sets of twins did he use?

A

14

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18
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What was the conclusion?

A

OCD can be inherited

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19
Q

Biological approach- Billet-
What year did the study take place?

A

1998

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20
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What year did the study take place?

A

1972

21
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What did they want to investigate?

A

If there is a genetic cause for schizophrenia

22
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
How many sets of twins were. Used?

A

57

23
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What three things did they check for?

A

A diagnosis, no diagnosis, a different diagnosis

24
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What was the concordance rebate for Mz twins?

A

42%

25
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What was the concordance rate for Dz twins?

A

9%

26
Q

Biological approach- Gottesman + shields-
What is the conclusion?

A

Schizophrenia may not be inherited

27
Q

Biological approaches- Rauch-
What was the process of the experiment?

A

OCD patients were faced with their fear

28
Q

Biological approach- Rauch-
What were the findings of the study?

A

Increased activity in the basal ganglia

29
Q

Cognitive approach- computer model-
What represents the brain in this model?

A

The CPU

30
Q

Cognitive approach- Maguire-
What was his aim?

A

To investigate whether structural changes in the brain can be identified in people with vast experience of spatial navigation

31
Q

Cognitive approach- Maguire-
How many london taxi drivers were used?

A

18

32
Q

Cognitive approach- Maguire-
How many london bus drivers were used?

A

17

33
Q

Cognitive approach- Maguire-
What kind of scan were the participants given?

A

MRI

34
Q

Cognitive approach- Maguire-
What were the results?

A

London taxi driver shad increased activity i their hippocampus (in charge of spatial awareness)

35
Q

Cognitive approach- smith-
What was the aim?

A

To investigate whether spatial working memory is handled by a different part of the brain to verbal working memory

36
Q

Cognitive e approach- smith-
How many letters were in the nonsense words the participants were shown?

A

4

37
Q

Cognitive approach- smith-
What was the alternative to the words the participants were shown?

A

The position of three dots

38
Q

Cognitive approach- smith-
What did the participants get inserted?

A

An intravenous catheter and a radioactive tracer was see through this

39
Q

Cognitive approach- smith-
What did the participants ahve to do?

A

The y had to lie in a scanner while recalling and brain images were produced

40
Q

Cognitive approach- smith-
What were the results?

A

Left hemisphere= verbal
Right hemisphere= spatial

41
Q

Cognitive approach- klimesch-
What was the aim?

A

To investigate if there are different types of long term memory and where they are processed

42
Q

Cognitive approach- klimesch-
What was teh method?

A
  • pps had to compete tasks using their semantic memory (involved asking general knowledge quetsions)
  • they then had to complete a task using episodic memory
  • while completing these tasks they had to wear a cap with small electrodes placed on, measuring brain activity
43
Q

Cognitive approach- klimesch-
What were the results?

A

Brain activity was different fir each task, and different frequencies

44
Q

Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans-
At what age did Hans develop an interest in his ‘widler’?

A

3

45
Q

Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans-
At what age did he develop a fear of horses?

A

5

46
Q

Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans-
Why was he afraid of horses?

A

Because of their large penis

47
Q

Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans-
What two other features did Hans not like about horses? what did they represent?

A

Blinkers (glasses), black bits around the mouth (moustache)

48
Q

Psychodynamic approach- Little Hans-
What were two fantasies that Hans had?

A
  • he had children with his mother
  • someone came and removed his bottom half and replaced it with a larger version
49
Q

Humanistic approach- Moscow-
What did Moscow believe?

A
  • we have free will
  • we have control of our identity/destiny
  • we have a choice of how we act
  • we overcome hurdles through self determination

Psychology- Paper 2- Studies (3 decks)

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