Approaches To Qualitative Research Flashcards
Name the different approaches to QR
-Narrative Research (NR)
-Phenomenological research
-Grounded Theory
-Ethnographic research
-Case study research
-Participatory Action Research (PAR)
What is Narrative research ? What do researchers collect and how do they collect it ?
Narrative research focuses on people’s experiences as expressed in lived and told stories. A narrative is a spoken or written text giving account of an event/action of series of events/actions that are chronologically connected.
Narrative researchers collect stories from individuals about their lived and told experiences. It sheds light on the identities of the individuals and how they see themselves. Stories are gathered through interviews, observations, documents, pictures and journels
Name and explain the different types of Narrative Research.
- biographical approach: the researcher writes and records the experience of another person’s life
- autoethnographic approach: written and recorded by the individuals who are the subject of study
- life history approach: portrays an individual’s entire life
- an oral history approach: consists of gathering personal reflections of events and their causes and effects from one or several individuals
What is phenomenological research ? How do researchers collect the data ?
It describes the common meaning for several individuals of their lived experiences of a phenomenon. Researchers collect data through purposive sampling and interviews
What is meant by ‘bracketing’ ?
The researcher brackets themselves out of the study by discussing their personal experiences with the phenomenon. It helps focus the researcher on the experiences of the participants
Name and discuss the types of phenomenology
- Hermeneutic phenomenology: involves the interpretation of the meaning of the lived experiences
- Transcendental phenomenology: focuses on bracketing and involves a textual and structural description of experiences
What is Grounded Theory ? How do researchers collect data ?
Grounded Theory seeks to move beyond description towards generating or discovering theory - an explanation
Data collection through interviews
What is memoing ?
Involves writing down notes as data is collected and analyzed
Name and explain the types of Grounded theory
- Systematic Grounded Theory: involves the researcher systematically developing a theory that explains process, action or interaction on a topic (focus more on procedure)
- Constructivist Grounded Theory: includes enphasizing diverse local worlds, multiple realities, and the complexities of particular worlds, views and actions (focus more on context)
What is Ethnograpic research and how is data obtained ?
Examination of shared patterns in larger studies of an entire culture-shared group.
Data is obtained through observations and interviews
Name and explain the different types of ethnographies
- Realist ethnography: it is an objective account of the situation, written up in third person, and reported objectively
- Critical ethnography: the authors advocate for the emancipation of groups marginalized in society. Researchers are often politically oriented who challenge the status quo
What is case study research ?
Involves the study of a case within a real life, contemporary context.
Includes observations, interviews, documents and audio-viduals
Name and explain the different case studies
- Single instrumental case: the researcher focuses on an issue or concern, and then selects one bounded case to illustrate the issue
- Collective case study: One issue or concern is selected, but researcher uses multiple case studies to illustrate the issue
- Intrinsic case study: the focus is on the case itself as it presents unusual or unique situation
What is Participatory Action Research ?
- It combines research with activism
- it aims to produce knowledge in partnership with those affected by that knowledge for the purpose of improving their social, educational and material position
- It is focused on the community, rather than the individual
- it challenges objectivity, and encourages active engagement
PAR can be understood as straddling a series of 3 tensions. Name these tensions
- the tension between science and practice
- The tension between individual and collective needs
- The tension in the relationship between researcher and researched