approaches and people

Question 1

7 Main Psychological Approaches

Answer 1

• Psychodynamic
• Humanistic
• Behavioral
• Cognitive
• Biological
• Sociocultural
• Evolutionary

Question 2

Cognitive Approach

Answer 2

The study of mental processes (thinking, learning, communicating nd solving problems)

Question 3

Behaviorism Approach

Answer 3

Focuses on observable behavior - BF SKINNER & WATSON

Question 4

Psychoanalytic

Answer 4

Unconscious forces and
childhood experiences
affect our behavior and
mental processes - FREUD

Question 5

Humanistic Approach

Answer 5

Study of potential and personal growth; reaching full potential; unconditional love - MASLOW & CARL ROGERS

Question 6

Evolutionary Perspective

Answer 6

attempts to explain useful mental and psychological traits in terms of Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection

Question 7

Psychodynamic Perspective

Answer 7

focus on the unconscious and how it develops personality - FREUD (modern)

Question 8

Sociocultural Approach

Answer 8

How behavior and thinking vary across situations

and cultures

Question 9

Biological Perspective

Answer 9

How biological (genetics, neural, hormonal) and
physiological processes impact behavior and mental
processes.

Question 10

Positive Psychology

Answer 10

promotes human flourishing

Question 11

Wundt

Answer 11

created first lab and fathered structuralism

Question 12

Structuralism

Answer 12

focused on identifying the elements of thought and mind using introspection

Question 13

Titchener:

Answer 13

helped develop structuralism

Question 14

James:

Answer 14

introduced functionalism

Question 15

Functionalism

Answer 15

Assumes all things cognitive have a purpose; structures of consciousness must serve a function

Question 16

Ivan Pavlov

Answer 16

Classical Conditioning - dog bell/saliva experiment

Question 17

Freud

Answer 17

Emphasis on unconscious motivations, Founder of psychoanalysis, 4 stage psychosexual theory of personality
development, Dream interpretation, free association
Defense mechanisms

Question 18

Binet

Answer 18

French psychologist who created first intelligence test

Question 19

Thorndike

Answer 19

created the law of effect; believed rewarded behavior is likely to recur - BEHAVORISM

Question 20

Watson

Answer 20

founder of BEHAVORISM and creator of little albert experiment (little boy and white rat

Question 21

Piaget

Answer 21

Created 4 stage theory of cognitive development

Question 22

Whorf

Answer 22

cognitive linguist who thought Language influences cognition

Question 23

Erikson

Answer 23

8 stage theory of psychosocial development that explains how conflicts that yield certain personality characteristics, depending on resolution (identity vs. role confusion

Question 24

Rogers

Answer 24

HUMANIST who developed client-centered therapy to help patients reach self-actualization

Question 25

Skinner

Answer 25

BEHAVIORIST developed operant conditioning -- (the idea that behavior is determined by its consequences)

Question 26

Harlow

Answer 26

developed the monkey experiment to examine attachment in young

Question 27

Asch

Answer 27

conformity experiments demonstrated the power of social influence (line experiment)

Question 28

Maslow

Answer 28

HUMANIST developed the hierarchy of psychological needs (self-actualization)

Question 29

Ainsworth

Answer 29

Attachment styles (secure, insecure-avoidant, resistant/insecure-ambivalent)

Question 30

Bandura

Answer 30

Social learnign theory - modeling, Bobo doll study

Question 31

Kholberg

Answer 31

3 stage theory of moral development (preconventional, conventional, postconventional)

Question 32

Chomsky

Answer 32

nativism- believes language is innate | a critical period for language development

Question 33

Milgram

Answer 33

Obedience to authority (shock experiment)

Question 34

Zimbardo

Answer 34

Stanford Prison Experiment - Importance of social roles

Question 35

Garder

Answer 35

multiple intelligence theory - 9 types

Question 36

Loftus

Answer 36

Unreliability of eyewitness testimony | Memory as active construction

Question 37

Sternberg

Answer 37

triarchic theory of multiple intelligences - creative, practical, analytical

Question 38

Spearman

Answer 38

common general intelligence - "g"

Question 39

Darwin

Answer 39

natural selection and evolution

Question 40

Ekman

Answer 40

theory that facial expression are universal