Approaches and Models of Health Behaviour

Question 1

What are the 2 heath behaviour models?

Answer 1

1. Health belief model

2. Health acton model

Question 2

What is the health belief model?

Answer 2

A psychological model that attempts to ecplain and predict health behaviours
Explores the fusions of belief and attitudes of individuals in decision making to undertake a health action

Question 3

What steps does the health belief model say need to e taken before health action occurs?

Answer 3

1. Perceived susceptibility
2. Perceived severity
3. Perceived benefits
4. Perceived barriers
5. Health action

Question 4

Give an example of the health belief model in action

Answer 4

An individual is told they may develop heart disease and they are made aware of the serious consequences of this disease (eg heart attack)
Individual may then believe exercising is an effective way of reducing their risk of developing heart disease
Individual believes the benefits outweigh the barriers (Barriers may be peer pressure, stress etc)
CHANGE IS MADE

Question 5

What Is the health action model?

Answer 5

It encompasses the elements of the health belief model but also emphasises factors that facilitate or inhibit a health decision

Question 6

What are the 5 approaches we can take to promote health?

Answer 6

1. Medical (preventative) approach
2. Behavioural Approach
3. Educational approach
4. Client centres approach
5. Societal change approach

Question 7

Describe the Medical (preventative) approach to health promotion

Answer 7

It is the promotion of medical intervention to prevent ill health
But it doesn’t address the underlying cause of the disease

Question 8

Describe the behavioural approach to health promotion

Answer 8

Encourages attitude and behavioural changes to adopt a healthier lifestyle
Is expert led and changes are imposed on the patient so we assume health education will lead to sustained change
BUT can lead to victim blaming

Question 9

Describe the Educational approach to health promotion

Answer 9

Provides into advice and support patients
Allows the Individuals to have more knowledge and understanding so that they can make an informed decision
Provides the right of free choice
Largely expert led
BUT ignores barriers to change

Question 10

Describe the client centres approach to health promotion

Answer 10

Working with the cline ton their terms
This means the client identifies their problems and sets the agenda
Helps develop self confidence

Question 11

Describe the societal change approach to health promotion

Answer 11

Acknowledges the physical, socioeconomic and environmental factors
Enables CHOICE of healthy life
Requires changes in policies, political support and social action
BUT many professionals feel uncomfortable getting involved in politics

Question 12

Give examples of some medical approaches that can be implemented

Answer 12

Screening for diseases

Smoking cessation

Question 13

Give examples of some behavioural approaches that can be implemented

Answer 13

Smoking cessation
Oral health info
Advice

Question 14

Give examples of some Educational approaches that can be implemented

Answer 14

School based oral health education programmes

Question 15

Give examples of some client centred approaches that can be implemented

Answer 15

Counselling
Support groups
Community development

Question 16

Give examples of some Societal change approaches that can be implemented

Answer 16

Social movements

changing social norms EG making smoking socially unacceptable