approaches A01

Question 1

cognitive approach AO1
- what does it focus on?
- what are the three parts?

Answer 1

• focuses on mental processes e.g. thoughts and perceptions affect behaviour. -This first assumption includes Theoretical and Computer Models: where the mind is compared to a computer due to similarities in the way we process information.
  -The second assumption is the role of Schema: schemas are packages of information developed through experience. They act as a mental framework for the interpretation of incoming information by the cognitive system.
  -Cognitive neuroscience has led to advances in brain imaging techniques such as MRI and PET scans, in which scientists have been able to systematically observe and describe the neurological basis of mental processes

Question 2

behaviourist A01
- what does it believe?
- what are the two assumptions?

Question 3

social learning theory - AO1
- what does it believe?
- what are the three assumptions?

Answer 3

-state that behaviour is learned from the environment. However, according to SLT, people learn through observation and imitation of others within a social context. The three assumptions include :
- vicarious reinforcement - observing another individual being reinforced for their behaviour
- identification - people are more likely to imitate someone who they look up to or identify with, a role model
- mediational processes including attention, retention, reproduction and motivation

Question 4

biological approach A01
- what does it believe?
- what are the three assumptions?

Answer 4

• all behaviour has a physical basis. we must look to biological structures and processes within the body, such as genes, neurochemistry and the nervous system
• A1: genotype and phenotype, genotype is a persons genetic makeup fixed from birth. Geneticists believe behavioural characteristics such as mental disorders and intelligence can be inherited in the same way physical characteristics can. Phenotype is the way these genes are expressed.
• A2: according to the theory of evolution, any genetically determined behaviour that enhances an individuals survival and reproduction will continue in future generations (be naturally selected). The advantageous gene is passed onto future generations.
• A3: biological structure of the brain determines our behaviour. Phineas Gage destroyed a portion of his frontal lobe and his behaviour became aggressive and anti-social after an explosion sent an iron bar through his brain.