Approaches Flashcards
What is the Behaviourist approach views on development?
The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age
What is the Behaviourist approach views on the nature vs nurture debate?
Babies are a ‘blank slate at birth’. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcement.
What is the Behaviourist approach views on reductionism?
Reduces complex learning into stimulus-response units for ease of testing in a controlled lab environment
What is the Behaviourist approach views on determinism?
All behaviour is environmentally determined by external forces that we cannot control
What are the Behaviourist approach explanations and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?
Abnormalities arise from maladaptive or faulty learning. Behavioural therapies take a symptom based approach to the unlearning of behaviour (eg systematic desensitisation or token economy)
What is the Social Learning approach views on development?
The processes that underpin learning are continuous, occurring at any age
What is the Social Learning approach views on the nature vs nurture debate?
Babies are a ‘blank slate at birth’. All behaviour comes about through learned associations and reinforcement. And through observation and imitation of an idols behaviour.
What is the Social Learning approach views on reductionism?
Recognises how cognitive factors interact with the external environment
What is the Social Learning approach views on determinism?
We are influenced by our environment and also expect some influence upon it (reciprocal determinism)
What is the Social Learning approach explanations and treatment of abnormal/atypical behaviour?
Principles such as modelling have been used to explain the development of aggressive behaviour.
What is the Cognitive approach views on development?
Stage theories of child development particularly particularly the idea of concept formation (schema) as a child gets older
What is the Cognitive approach views on nature vs nurture?
Recognises that many of our information-processing abilities are innate, but are constantly refined by experience
What is the Cognitive approach views on reductionism?
Machine reductionism
use of own information processing abilities are innate but are constantly refined by experience
What is the Cognitive approach views on determinism?
Suggests we are the ‘choosers’ of our own behaviour but only within the limit of what we know (soft determinism)
What is the Cognitive approach views on explanation and treatment of abnormality/atypical behaviour?
Led to cognitive therapies such as CBT in the treatment of depression, which aims to eradicate faulty thinking
What is the Biological approach views on development?
Genetically determined maturation changes (puberty) influence behaviour e.g cognitive/intellectual development
What is the Biological approach views on the nature vs nurture debate?
‘Anatomy is destiny’ behaviour stems from the genetic blueprint we inherit from our parents
What is the Biological approach views on reductionism?
Reduces and explains human behaviour at the level of genes or neurones
What is the Biological approach views on determinism?
A form of genetic determinism, much of our behaviours are directed by innate influences
What is the Biological approach views on explanations and treatments of abnormal/atypical behaviour
Psychoactive drugs that regulate chemical imbalances in the brain have revolutionised the treatment of mental disorders
What is the Psychodynamic approach views on development?
The most coherent theory of development, tying concepts and processes to age-related stages
What is the Psychodynamic approach views on the nature vs nurture debate?
suggests that most of our behaviour is driven by biological drives and instincts but also sees the child’s relationship with its parents as crucial.
What is the Psychodynamic approach views on reductionism?
Reduces behaviour to the influence of biological drives and instincts, although also sees personality as a dynamic holistic interaction
What is the Psychodynamic approach views on determinism?
Unconscious forces drive our behaviour (psychic determinism) and these are rationalised by our conscious minds
What is the Psychodynamic approach views on explanations and treatments of abnormal/atypical behaviour
Anxiety disorders emerge from unconscious conflicts and overuse of defence mechanisms. Psychoanalysis aims to put people in touch with their unconscious thoughts
What is the Humanistic approach views on development?
The development of the self is ongoing throughout life
What is the Humanistic approach views on the nature vs nurture debate?
Regards patients friends and wider society as having a critical impact on the persons self-concept.
What is the Humanistic approach views on reductionism?
Anti-reductionist based on holistic investigation of all aspects of the individual
What is the Humanistic approach views on determinism?
Human beings have free will and are active agents who determine their own development
What is the Humanistic approach views on explanations and treatments of abnormal/atypical behaviour
Humanistic theory or counselling is based on the idea that reducing incongruence will stimulate personal growth
