approaches

Question 1

what are the 7 research ethics?

Answer 1

1. informed consent (right to withdraw)
2. debrief
3. Protection of participants
4. deception
5. confidentiality
6. withdrawal from investigation

Question 2

what are the assumptions of humanistic approach?

Answer 2

1. every person has their own unique way of viewing the world
2. People are self-determining

Question 3

3 evaluations of humanistic approach?

Answer 3

1. non-scientific research
2. recognizes both nature and nurture
3. non-deterministic as it recognizes free-will

Question 4

what are the assumptions of biological approach?

Answer 4

1. thinking and behavior determined by biological factors

2. genetic and evolutionary factors

Question 5

3 disadvantages of biological approach

Answer 5

1. deterministic
2. reductionist
3. twin studies don’t separate nature and nurture

Question 6

2 advantages of biological approach

Answer 6

1. scientific research methods

2. neurotransmitters=new drug development

Question 7

assumptions of cognitive approach

Answer 7

1. information received from our senses, processed by our brain
2. internal mental processes cannot be directly observed

Question 8

3 advantages of cognitive approach

Answer 8

1. development of cognitive interview
2. causes of depression
3. very scientific method

Question 9

disadvantages of cognitive approach

Answer 9

1. doesn’t take into account genetic factors (reductionist)

Question 10

explain classical conditioning

Answer 10

UCS = UCR
NS = NCR
NS + UCS = UCR
CS = CR

Question 11

3 types of operant conditioning

Answer 11

positive re-enforcement
negative re-enforcement
punishment

Question 12

stages of social learning theory (SLT)

Answer 12

1. Attention
2. Retention
3. Reproduction
4. response

Question 13

research to support classical conditioning

Answer 13

Little Albert

Question 14

research to support SLT

Answer 14

bandura doll experiment

Question 15

3 defence mechanisms of psychodynamic approach

Answer 15

repression - ego to keep disturbing memories out of the conscious mind and in the unconscious mind where they cannot be accessed

displacement - impulse directed from its original target to a new more acceptable one

denial - unpleasant internal or external realities is denied and kept out of conscious awareness

Question 16

3 strengths of psychodynamic approach

Answer 16

1. given rise to 1st tasing cure
2. freud highlighted the importance of childhood memories
3. recognizes both social and cultural factors - driven by biological factors (nature) but expressed in way that is shaped by environment (nurture)

Question 17

evaluation of psychodynamic approach (5)

Answer 17

1. lacks population validity - little hans
2. case studies yielded qualitative data
3. lacks objectivity - two researchers reach two different interpretations
4. theory suggests that without an analyst someones is disempowered
5. deterministic - rejects free will