Approaches

Question 1

Congruence

Answer 1

When person ideal self and actual self are aligned

Question 2

Behaviourist approach

Answer 2

Suggest all children are born as blank slates learning through their interactions with their environment

Question 3

Biology approach

Answer 3

Learning approach that views human behaviour as a result of genetics and proposes individual psychology stems from internal psychology

Question 4

Classical conditioning

Answer 4

A form of learning that occurs by associating a naturally occurring instict with a stimuli then created a conditioned response

Question 5

Cognitive approach

Answer 5

A learning approach which like a human mind do a computer with internal mental processes turning an input into an output. This approach suggest study internal mental processes by inference is the key to understanding human psychology.

Question 6

Defence mechanisms

Answer 6

Strategies employed by the ego to protect the mind by feelings that may be to overwhelming

Question 7

Denial

Answer 7

A defence mechanism utilised by the unconscious mind. This is complete refusal to acknowledge the event in attempt to prevent harm.

Question 8

Displacement

Answer 8

Substituting the real target of overwhelming emotions with a fake target. This allows for a cathartic release

Question 9

Ego

Answer 9

On of three parts to the personality according to the psychodynamic approach the ego develops after the id and function to meditate desires of the id and what is realistic it is the decision making component

Question 10

Free will

Answer 10

We are in full control of our decisions

Question 11

Genotype

Answer 11

Genetic profile the genes we carry

Question 12

Humanistic approach

Answer 12

All humans are fundamentally good and encourages the holistic study of the entire individual

Question 13

Id

Answer 13

Also one of the three parts of personality the most selfish part of the personality only one present at birth only concearned with desires and achieving them

Question 14

Identification

Answer 14

A form of learning according social learning theory humans learn by observing role models whom they preserve as similar to themselves it suggests we internalise the beliefs as someone we identify ourselves with

Question 15

Imitation

Answer 15

Form learning suggested by social learning theory which proposes that people learn through copying the behaviour of a role model they identify with

Question 16

Maslows hierarchy of needs

Answer 16

A theory that suggests people have multiple needs that needs to be achieved in a particular order to achieve a persons full potential

Question 17

Modelling

Answer 17

When a role model enacts a behaviour that can be imitated by the observer

Question 18

Mediationall processes

Answer 18

Internal processes that contribute to producing certain behaviours like mediator between observation and imitation

Question 19

Negative reinforcement

Answer 19

A behaviour performed in response to a negative stimulus ie a bang in the respect that if it was removed for example a mother comforting a baby crying they learn to comfort their child again and again reinforced behaviour to avoid the child crying which is the negative stimulus

Question 20

Operant conditioning

Answer 20

A form of learning by direct consequences for behaviour whether that can be reinforcement consequences that increase the behaviour or punishment that decreases the behaviour

Question 21

Phenotype

Answer 21

Physical characteristic of genetics

Question 22

Positive reinforcement

Answer 22

Administration a positive stimulus that aims to increase a certain behaviour an example would be giving a child a treat positive stimulus if they clean there room so they clean there room more often this is reinforced behaviour

Question 23

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 23

Human behaviour as a product of unconscious processes

Question 24

Psychosexual stages

Answer 24

A theory by Freud which suggests personality develops. Via overcoming of stages in childhood failure to complete a stage would result in fixation which manifests as some sort of disorder in adulthood

Question 25

Repression

Answer 25

A defence mechanism utilised by the unconscious mind this mechanism prevents disturbing thoughts reaching the conscious mind in attempt to prevent harm