Approaches Flashcards
Congruence
When person ideal self and actual self are aligned
Behaviourist approach
Suggest all children are born as blank slates learning through their interactions with their environment
Biology approach
Learning approach that views human behaviour as a result of genetics and proposes individual psychology stems from internal psychology
Classical conditioning
A form of learning that occurs by associating a naturally occurring instict with a stimuli then created a conditioned response
Cognitive approach
A learning approach which like a human mind do a computer with internal mental processes turning an input into an output. This approach suggest study internal mental processes by inference is the key to understanding human psychology.
Defence mechanisms
Strategies employed by the ego to protect the mind by feelings that may be to overwhelming
Denial
A defence mechanism utilised by the unconscious mind. This is complete refusal to acknowledge the event in attempt to prevent harm.
Displacement
Substituting the real target of overwhelming emotions with a fake target. This allows for a cathartic release
Ego
On of three parts to the personality according to the psychodynamic approach the ego develops after the id and function to meditate desires of the id and what is realistic it is the decision making component
Free will
We are in full control of our decisions
Genotype
Genetic profile the genes we carry
Humanistic approach
All humans are fundamentally good and encourages the holistic study of the entire individual
Id
Also one of the three parts of personality the most selfish part of the personality only one present at birth only concearned with desires and achieving them
Identification
A form of learning according social learning theory humans learn by observing role models whom they preserve as similar to themselves it suggests we internalise the beliefs as someone we identify ourselves with
Imitation
Form learning suggested by social learning theory which proposes that people learn through copying the behaviour of a role model they identify with
Maslows hierarchy of needs
A theory that suggests people have multiple needs that needs to be achieved in a particular order to achieve a persons full potential
Modelling
When a role model enacts a behaviour that can be imitated by the observer
Mediationall processes
Internal processes that contribute to producing certain behaviours like mediator between observation and imitation
Negative reinforcement
A behaviour performed in response to a negative stimulus ie a bang in the respect that if it was removed for example a mother comforting a baby crying they learn to comfort their child again and again reinforced behaviour to avoid the child crying which is the negative stimulus
Operant conditioning
A form of learning by direct consequences for behaviour whether that can be reinforcement consequences that increase the behaviour or punishment that decreases the behaviour
Phenotype
Physical characteristic of genetics
Positive reinforcement
Administration a positive stimulus that aims to increase a certain behaviour an example would be giving a child a treat positive stimulus if they clean there room so they clean there room more often this is reinforced behaviour
Psychodynamic approach
Human behaviour as a product of unconscious processes
Psychosexual stages
A theory by Freud which suggests personality develops. Via overcoming of stages in childhood failure to complete a stage would result in fixation which manifests as some sort of disorder in adulthood
Repression
A defence mechanism utilised by the unconscious mind this mechanism prevents disturbing thoughts reaching the conscious mind in attempt to prevent harm
