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approaches Flashcards

1
Q

“A unique form of human knowledge that needs to be examined on its own terms.”

A

formalist

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2
Q

examines the form of the work as a whole, the form of each individual part of the text (the individual scenes and chapters), the characters, the settings, the tone, the point of view, the diction, and all other elements of the text which join to make it a single text.

A

formalist

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3
Q

can show how the various parts of a work are welded together to make an organic whole

A

formalist

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4
Q

This approach examines a text as a self-contained object; it does not, therefore, concern itself with biographical information about the author, historical events outside of the story, or literary allusions, mythological patterns, or psychoanalytical traits of the characters (except those aspects described specifically in the text.)

A

formalist

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5
Q

focuses on the structure and form of a literary work, emphasizing the use of language, style, and technique rather than the author’s intent or historical context. Formalists believe that understanding the formal elements of a work is essential to appreciating its artistry and craftsmanship

A

formalist

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6
Q

This approach is concerned with the aesthetic qualities of literature and encourages readers to pay close attention to elements such as imagery, symbolism, and metaphor.

A

formalist

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7
Q

all the elements necessary for understanding the work are contained within the work itself, such as the style,
structure, tone, and imagery.

A

formalist

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8
Q

the ultimate goal of the critique is to identify how these elements are put together in the text to shape its effects to
the readers.

A

formalist

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9
Q

primarily looks at the structural purposes of the text without taking into account any outside influence.

A

formalist

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10
Q

“Begins with the simple but central insight that literature is written by actual people and that understanding an author’s life can help readers more thoroughly comprehend the work.”

A

biographical / historical

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11
Q

social, cultural, political and intellectual context that includes the artist’s biography and milieu

A

biographical / historical

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12
Q

consider a work’s first-order context - the author’s life - and recognizes literary study as being an art not a science

A

biographical / historical

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13
Q

believed that the meaning of the literary text can become different when it is viewed using the lens of the author’s
life

A

biographical / historical

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14
Q

Literary meaning is grounded in the author.
The author is the context in which the work is studied and is the cause of the work’s meaning.

A

biographical / historical

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15
Q

the search for the author’s original intention.

A

biographical / historical

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16
Q

To ask what a literary work means, according to the historical critic, is to ask what the author meant when he or she created it.

A

biographical / historical

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17
Q

In order to study the author as context, it is necessary for the historical critic to examine the work against its historical surroundings and determine how these surroundings worked with the individuality of the author and the individuality of the age to create and define the text.

A

biographical / historical

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18
Q

assumes that the relationship between art and society is organic; views a literary work in relation to the standards and social milieu of the period in which it was produced.

A

biographical / historical

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19
Q

assumes that by examining the facts and motives of an author’s life, the meaning and intent of his /her literary work can be illuminated.

A

biographical / historical

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20
Q

this kind of criticism sees a literary work chiefly, it not exclusively, as a reflection of its author’s life and times or the life and times of the characters in the work.

A

biographical / historical

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21
Q

examines how sexual identity influences the creation of the literary text;

A

gender

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22
Q

an extension of feminist literary criticism, focusing not just on women but on the construction of gender and sexuality, especially LGBTQ issues, which gives rise to queer theory

A

gender

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23
Q

suggests that power is not just top down or patriarchal - a man dominating a woman; it suggests that power is multifaceted and never just in one direction.

A

gender

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24
Q

examines how sexual identity influences the creation, interpretation, and evaluation of literary works

A

gender

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25
Q

it examines how an author may have influenced gender perception through a work of literature.

A

gender

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26
Q

an ideology of masculinity; and ideology opposed to, or opposed by feminism.

A

masculinist

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27
Q

a social theory or political movement arguing that legal and social restrictions on females must be removed in order to bring about equality of both sexes in all aspects of public and private life

A

feminist

28
Q

attempts to correct the imbalance of the sexes by analyzing and combating the
patriarchal attitudes that have dominated western thought.

A

feminist

29
Q

advocated by poet Robert Bly which focuses on the desire to work with men’s issues & yields to the political conviction that feminism does not fit with the facts.

A

masculinist

30
Q

expressed that psychoanalytic theories changed our notions of human behavior in which authors explore new or controversial areas like wish fulfillment, sexuality, the
unconscious and repression.

A

sigmund freud

31
Q

influenced by psychoanalysis by Sigmund Freud

A

psychological

32
Q

expand the understanding of how language and symbols operate by demonstrating their ability to reflect unconscious fears or desires.

A

psychological

33
Q

theories about the unconscious which are the primary foundation of
Mythological Criticism

A

carl jung

34
Q

a critical approach to literature that employs psychological theories to examine aspects of a literary work as a way to better understand both the author’s mind and the characters, themes, and other elements of the text.

A

psychological

35
Q

the mind is at the center of our target

A

psychological

36
Q

This approach draws on theories and concepts from psychology, such as psychoanalysis and behavioral psychology, to analyze literary works.

A

psychological

37
Q

It often focuses on the motivations, desires, and conflicts of the characters, and how they are reflected in the structure and themes of the work.

A

psychological

38
Q

iterature can be used to explore and understand the human psyche, including unconscious and repressed desires and fears.

A

psychological

39
Q

explore how the characters in a work of literature are shaped by their early childhood experiences or their relationships with their parents.

A

psychological

40
Q

in a cultural, economic, and political context that explores the linkage between the author and his society

A

sociological

41
Q

the critic scrutinizes the author’s society to grasp a better understanding about the masterpiece

A

sociological

42
Q

believes that all art is political. It is either challenging or endorsing the status quo. It is evaluative and judgmental.

A

sociological

43
Q

an example of sociological criticism that highlights the economic and political elements of art focusing on the ideological content of literature.

A

marxist

44
Q

focuses on the relationship between literature and society, the social function of literature

A

sociological

45
Q

an approach to literature used by critics interested in examining the social, political, and economic settings in which drama, poetry, and fiction are written and read.

A

sociological

46
Q

directed to understanding literature in its larger social context; it codifies the literary strategies that are employed to represent social constructs through a sociological methodology.

A

sociological

47
Q

an approach to diagnosing political and social problems in terms of the struggles between members of different socio-economic classes

A

marxist

48
Q

class struggle. the alienation of the individual under capitalism.

A

marxist

49
Q

focuses on themes, views of the world, morality, philosophies of the author and the like for this approach establishes its purpose of teaching morality and investigating philosophical issues

A

moral / philosophical

50
Q

view of life and between good or evil

A

moral / philosophical

51
Q

evaluates the ethical content of literary works.

A

moral / philosophical

52
Q

literature can have positive effects on
people by increasing their compassion and moral sensitivity, but it can have negative
effects on people, too.

A

moral / philosophical

53
Q

concerned with the rights and wrongs of values, ethics or norms people uphold, what is good and bad about what people do, or the rights and wrongs of the conditions people face.

A

moral / philosophical

54
Q

examines the work in terms of the motivations of the characters and the writers who create them

A

psychological

55
Q

analyzes the symbolic fictions that arise from the inner thoughts and subconscious of the characters or the writers and attempts to explain them in a rational manner.

A

psychological

56
Q

“a symbol, character, situation, or image that evokes a deep universal response.”

A

mythological

57
Q

a set of primal memories common to the
human race, existing below each person’s conscious mind—

A

collective unconscious

58
Q

often deriving from primordial phenomena such as the sun, moon, fire, night, and blood, archetypes

A

collective unconscious

59
Q

defined archetypes in a more limited way as “a symbol, usually an image , which recurs often enough in the literature to be recognizable as an element of one’s literary experience as a whole.”

A

Northrop Frye

60
Q

tend to view literary works in the broader context of works sharing a similar pattern

A

mythological

61
Q

examines recurring patterns that represent universal situations and experiences.

A

mythological

62
Q

assumes that human beings all over the world have basic experiences in common and have developed similar stories, characters, and symbols to express these experiences.

A

mythological

63
Q

uses hopes, fears, and expectations set by certain cultures to uncover universal ideas or themes in certain literature.

A

mythological

64
Q

we all share a general subconscious and archetypes are universal.

A

mythological

65
Q

argues that archetypes determine the form and function of literary works, that a text’s meaning is shaped by cultural and psychological myths.

A

mythological

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