Approaches Flashcards
Basic explanation of psychodynamic approach
There are different most unconscious forces that operate the mind and direct are behaviour and experiences
The structure of personality
I’d-primitive part of our personality acts on the pleasure principle and I’d is present at birth
Ego- devolping at 2 works as a reality pricinple and is a mediator between the id and superego (reduces conflict ) it does this by employing defence mechanisms
Supe ego -formed at 5 and is out internals ease of right and wrong it punsishes the
Freuds psychosexual stages
He believed children are born with a sexual(pleasure ) urge
And there are a number of different stages of childhood during which the child seeks pleasure from a different object
To be psychologically healthy we must complete each stage of not mental abnormality may occur
Stages of the psychosexual stages
Oral-mouth is main pleasure comepelyed when they can eta on their own
Anal- 18mto3y and defecation is the main source of pleurae completed when they are potty trained
Phallic - 3-5 form of pleasure is genital - boys wnat their mom and opposite for girls
Latency stage - 5 to puberty earlier conflicts are reopened pleaure urges are put into sports etc focuses on devolping friendships
Genital - puberty to adult like phallic however focuses on making healthy living relationships
Defence mechanisms
Denial
Repression
Displacement
Psychological disorders
Freud little hans
He observed a child hans who had a phobia of horses while he grew up
Child showed signs of the ohallic stage as he imagined being married to his mom and his fear of horses was displacement of his real fear of his father
Frueds findings supported his studies
Basic explanation of cognitive approach
Is how mental process like thought ,attention ,perceptions affect our behaviour
The cognitive approach is the study of internal mental process , the role of schema , the use of theoretical and computer models to explain and make inferences about metal process
Cognitive neuroscience
Assumptions of cognitive approach
Our mental system have a limited capacity
A control mechanism overseas all mental process
Two way flow of information
Information processing model (cognitive approach )
Input - processing - output
Compares human to a computer
Schema
Is a package of ideas and information devolved through experience helps you to organise and interpret information and experiences
Chema affects our behaviour
How does schemas process information
When information is consistent with a schema it is assimilated into the schema and strengths it
When information is inconsistent- accommodation occurs and the schema has to change in order to resolve the problem
Three different types of schema
Role schemas - these are ideas about the behaviour which is expected form someone in a certain role , setting or situation
Event schemas - these are also scripts they contain information about what happens in a situation
Self schemas - these contain information about ourselves based on physical characteristics and personality, as well as beliefs and values , self schemas can affect how you act
Problems of schemas
They can stop you from learning new information
Prejudice stereotypes can be an outcome of schemas
Schemas which holds expectations or beliefs about a certain subgroup of people may bias the way we process incoming information
Ways to observe the brain in cognitive neuroscience
Pet scan
MRI scans
Neuroimaging
Electrophysiology
Biological approach
Combine psychology and biology to provide physiological expiations for behaviour
How biological structures and process within the body impacts on behaviour
Neurochemicals
Chemicals in the brain that regulate psychological/physiological functioning
