Approaches

Question 1

Origins of Psychology: Wundt, introspection and the emergence of Psychology as a science

Answer 1

How it started, structuralism, introspection, empiricism

Question 2

Behaviourist approach

Answer 2

Classical conditioning: Pavlov’s dog, four features of classical conditioning (timing, extinction, spontaneous recovery, stimulus generalisation)

Operant conditioning: Skinner box

Question 3

Social learning theory

Answer 3

Modelling, imitation, identification (Shutts et al.), Bandura et al., vicarious reinforcement and mediational processes

Question 4

Cognitive approach

Answer 4

General definition, inferred, schema, theoretical models, computer models, cognitive neuroscience

Question 5

Biological approach

Answer 5

Genetic: Heredity, genotype/phenotype, differences in genetic code and characteristics, heritability

Neural: Nervous system, brain, neurotransmitters, hormones

Question 6

Psychodynamic approach

Answer 6

General definition, role of unconscious, tripartite, defence mechanisms, psychosexual stages

Question 7

Humanistic approach

Answer 7

General definition, importance of free will, Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, properties of self-actualised, self-concept and congruence, conditions of worth (Roger)