Approaches Flashcards
Define introspection
using subjective self-reports of experiences related to a stimulus to examine the mind
Define cognitive neuroscience
studying the relationship between actions/thoughts and brain activity, often using scanners or dissection
Define neutral stimulus
object that elicits no response from participants
Define schema theory
a cognitive framework that helps to organise and interpret information in the brain, helps people make sense of new information
Define negative punishment
removal of expected reward to produce a punishment effect; reducing behaviour frequency
Define positive reinforcement
giving a reward after a desired behaviour to increase the likelihood it is repeated
Define vicarious reinforcement
feeling a role model’s reward through identifying with them and seeing them succeed - this behaviour is more likely to be imitated
Define mediational processes
theorised mental processes that interpret a stimulus and generate a response; imitation, identification, modelling, vicarious reinforcement
Define extinguishing behaviour
the fading and disappearance of behaviour that was previously learned by association with another event. That means a conditioned response is weakened and the target behaviour eventually stops and becomes extinct.
Define modelling
a form of learning where individuals learn a particular behaviour by observing another individual perform that behaviour
Define phenotype
the physical characteristics displayed by an organism as a result of its genetic information being expressed within the limits of its environment
Define neurotransmitter
chemical messages passed between neurons to increase or decrease activity in neighbouring cells
Define parietal lobe
process sensory information such as touch, temperature and pain
