Approach to Neuro Exam Flashcards
What refers to defective articulation and is usually caused by defect in motor control of speech apparatus?
Dysarthria
What is a disorder in producing or understanding language, usually caused by lesion in left hemisphere?
Aphasia
A and O x 1 means?
Oriented to Person (patient knows their name and can recognize significant others)
A and O x 2 means?
Oriented to Person and Place (Knows their name and where they are)
A and O x 3 means?
Oriented to Person, Place, and Time (Knows their name, where they are and the date)
A and O x 4 means?
Oriented to Person, Place, Time, and event (Knows their name, where they are, the date and can explain why they are at the healthcare facility)
What term describes chronic anhedonia and can be diagnosed with questions such as:
“Have you felt little interest or pleasure in doing things”
“Have you been feeling down or hopeless”
Depression
What condition is screened for by using Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) diagnostic algorithm, is common in older adults during hospitalization, and can be caused by effect of medication or acute infection?
Delirium
What must you first eliminate before diagnosing dementia?
Depression and delirium
Between delirium and dementia, which is reversible?
Delirium
What CN is being assessed when checking direct pupil constriction with light source?
CN II
What CN is being assessed when checking palate elevation with “aaaah”
CN X
What CN is being assessed when touching forehead?
CN V sensory component
What CN is being assessed when the patient clenches jaw?
CN V motor component
What CN is being assessed when checking extraocular muscles with H test?
CN III, IV, VI
What CN is being assessed when checking hearing with finger rub test or whisper test?
CN VIII
What CN is being assessed when the patient smiles, frown, and puffs cheeks?
CN VII
What CN is being assessed when checking the strength of tongue against cheeks and sticking it out in the middle?
CN XII
What CN is being assessed when the patient shrugs their shoulders and turns head L and R?
CN XI
Ptosis, pupillary dilation of asymmetry, and compressive brainstem lesions are signs of lesion to?
CN III
Vulnerable to head trauma, exotropia, vertical diplopia and head tilting are signs of lesion to?
CN IV
Convergent strabismus and horizontal diplopia are signs of lesion to?
CN VI
Decreased sensation of face and mucous membranes, loss of corneal reflex, weakness of the muscles of mastication, and jaw deviation toward weak side are all issues with which CN?
CN V
Bell’s Palsy, loss of corneal reflex, hyperacusis, and crocodile tear syndrome are all issues with which CN?
CN VII
Disequilibrium, nystagmus, destructive sensorineural hearing loss, and irritative lesion causing tinnitus are issues with which CN?
VIII
Hoarseness, absent gag reflex, and difficulty swallowing are all issues with which CN?
CN IX and X
Difficulty turning head to opposite side or unilateral shoulder droop are issues with which CN?
CN XI
The tongue deviated to side of lesion is an issue with which CN?
CN XII
How should CN testing NOT be documented?
Cranial nerves are intact
How should CN testing be documented?
Cranial nerves II-XII are intact to testing
What can be used to test pain?
Broken tongue depressor or wooden stick
What can be used to test temp?
Tubes filled with hot and cold water
What can be used to test vibration?
128 Hz tuning fork on bony prominence
What can be used to test proprioception?
Grasping sides of patients big toe between thumb and index finger (that’s nasty)
What term describes the ability to identify shapes of objects?
Stereognosis
What term describes the ability to identify numbers written on palm?
Graphesthesia
Rapid alternating movements, finger to nose test, heel to shin test all test what structure?
Cerebellum
What direction do the toes point when performing Babinski sign?
Up
What nerve does the Brudzinski sign stretch?
Femoral
What nerve does the Kernig sign stretch?
Sciatic
What cranial nerve is being assessed when using a Snellen eye chart for visual acuity?
CN II
