Approach to Clinical Disease of the URT Flashcards
The action of filling the bladder is part of what nervous system?
What about emptying the bladder?
Filling= Sympathetic
Emptying= Parasympathetic
What nerves are responsible for filling the bladder?
L1-L4 (dog) and L2-L5 (cat)
specifically the hypogastric nerve
What nerves are responsible for bladder emptying?
S1-S3
Pelvic nerve & Pudendal nerve
Severe proteinuria is indicative of disease in what part of the nephron?
Glomeruli
Why do patients with diabetes have glucosuria?
Without insulin, blood glucose levels become too high, and your kidneys can’t filter and reabsorb it so your body gets rid of the excess through your urine.
What is the difference between Polyuria and Polydipsia?
greater than normal urine output vs greater thirst (specifically more than 100ml/kg/day)
What is Pollakiuria?
frequent passage (typically of small amounts) of urine- total daily volume of urine is not increased
Is constipation a symptom of urinary tract disease?
NO- but owners sometimes confuse Dysuria with constipation
What can be palpated in a urinary physical exam? (3 main things)
Kidneys (easier in cats- just remember the right kidney is more cranial)
Bladder
Part of the urethra through the rectum
In suspected cases of urinary disease, what can a neurological exam achieve?
Anal and Perineal Reflexes
Tail and Hindlimb function
Urinary incontinence is primarily a sign of _______ urinary tract disease
Lower
What evidence of URT disease will present in blood work? (4)
Urea, Creatinine, Electrolytes, PCV/ total solids
When is bloodwork futile in diagnosis of URT disease?
In cases of lower urinary tract disease (unless its due to an obstruction)
What can a urinalysis show us that may help diagnose a URT disease? (4)
Urine specific gravity (USG)
Sediment analysis
Urine Protein creatinine ratio
Culture & sensitivity test for bacteria
What are the three main methods of urine collection?
Free catch
Cystocentesis
Catheter
