Approach To Cardiac Arrest Flashcards
List 6 causes of cardiac arrest that start with the letter H
- Hypoxia
- Hypoglycemia
- Hypothermia
- Hyperkalemia/hypokalemia
- Acidosis(hydrogen ions)
- Hypovolemia
List 6 causes of cardiac arrest starting with the letter T
- Tension Pneumothorax
- Thrombus(MI)
- Thrombus(Massive pulmonary embolism)
- Toxins
- Trauma
- Tamponade(pericardial)
What is the frequency of giving rescue breaths based on age if the patient has a pulse but no effective breathing?
Adult: every 6 seconds
Child: every 3 seconds
Infant: every 2 seconds
When do you perform CPR in children/intact?
If the pulse rate<60 bpm and there is no effective breathing
When do you perform CPR in an adult?
Pulseless with/without breathing
What should you do if a patient has a pulse and is breathing?
Place in a recovery position and check for continued breathing and reassess continuously
Components of a high quality CPR(5)
•Compression rate 100-120 per minute
•Avoid excessive ventilation
• 1 breath every 6 seconds if advanced airway
•Change or switch compressors every two minutes
•Consider capnography and arterial monitoring
How to get high quality compression? 4
- Compress the chest fast and hard almost every 2 seconds (Rate of 100-120 /minute)
- Ensure enough chest recoil
- Minimize interruptions
- Compression to breath ratio of 30:2
What should you do if you can’t give breath during CPR?
Continue CPR until the AED/defibrillator arrives
What is the compression to breath ratio in adult CPR?
30:2
What is the compression to breath ratio in children and infants CPR?
One person=30:2
2 people=15:2
What should the rate of the breath between the compression be?
1 breath per second with oxygen if available
What is the first thing that should be done on arrival to a CPR scene?
Look for hazards
Then Hello and call for help and AED/defibrillator
Do you check the pulse before calling for help or not?
You check it before calling for help.
What do you look for during the hello section of CPR algorithm?
- Responsiveness
- Breathing or gasping for air
- Pulse as well
Name two rhythms that are shockable by a defibrillator.
Ventricular fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation
Name two commonest non-shockable rhythms encountered in the emergency department.
Asystole and pulseless electrical activity
What is the next step after defibrillation has been given to a patient?
Immediately resume CPR
What is the recommended energy for defibrillation of adults?
Monophasic: 360 J
Biphasic: 120-150 J
What is the recommended energy to defibrillate children?
4 J/kg
What should you do when signs of life are present after defibrillation?
Monitor and provide post return of spontaneous circulation care
What is the next step after the AED revealed PEA/asystole?
Immediately resume CPR and administer adrenaline immediately when vascular access is obtained.
Which medication should be given immediately after vascular access is obtained when the rhythm is not shockable?
Adrenaline 1 mg every 3-5 minutes for adults
For children the dose is 0.01 mg/kg
Name three drugs that should be considered in the immediate management of ventricular fibrillation or pulse Ventricular tachycardia?
Adrenaline 1 mg every 3-5 minutes and amiodarone 300 mg followed by 150 mg or lignocaine 1.5 mg/kg followed by 0.5 mg/kg
For children: Amiodorone 5 mg/kg
What is the dosage of amiodarone in children during cardiac arrest?
5 mg/kg
What is the dosage of adrenaline in children during cardiac arrest?
0.01 mg/kg every 3-5 minutes
