Approach/ Theories Flashcards
Behaviourist approach
the importance of environment, or situational, determinants of behavior. behaviourists insist that psychologist should only observable measurable behaviours and not mental processes that can not directly observed.
Two types of behaviourists
Radical behaviourists and Methodological behaviourists
Radical behaviourists
belief that the cause of any behavior lies in the observable events that led up to the behavior.
Methodological behaviourists
the study only the events they can measure and observe.
Conditioning
the type of learning behaviourist focus on: conditioning is a learning process in which an environment stimulus elicits a response and an individual learns from the association between the stimulus and response.
Three learning behaviourist
Ivan palov: classical conditioning
B.F. Skinner: operant conditioning
Albert Bandura: social learning theory
what is Classical conditioning four main components
(1) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS)
(2) Unconditioned response (UCR)
(3) Conditioned stimulus (CS)
(4) Conditioned response (CR)
UCS
Original stimulus that triggers a natural response eg: food
UCR
The natural response to the UCS
CS
The initial neutral stimulus paired with the UCS
CR
The learned response to the CS
Operant conditioning
This is an individual’s response is followed by a consequence either positive or negative and the consequences teach us to either repeat or decrease the occurrence.
Reinforcers
increase the likelihood that the response would happen again positively or negatively
Punishment
decrease the likelihood that the response will occur again positively or negatively.
what is the differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning
the difference is that classical condition involves associating an involuntary response with a stimulus and operant conditioning focuses on associating a voluntary behavior with a consequence.
