Approach, Landing and All Weather Operations Flashcards
The visual phase of an instrument approach to bring an aircraft into position for landing on a runway which is not suitably located for a straight-in approach
Circling
Technique for flying the final-approach segment of a non-precision instrument approach procedure as a continuous descent, without level-off, from an altitude/height at or above the Final Approach Fix altitude/height to a point approximately 50 feet above the landing runway threshold or the point where the flare manoeuvre should begin for the type of aeroplane flown
Continuous Descent Final Approach (CDFA)
Height or altitude during a precision approach at which a missed approach must be initiated if required visual reference to continue approach is not acquired/lost
Decision Altitude/Height (DA/H)
Level below which you cannot descent during a non-precision approach unless required visual reference to continue has been acquired
Minimum Descent Altitude/Height (MDA/H)
When can the decision to go-around happen during a non-precision approach
Missed Approach Point (MAPt)
When flying a non-precision approach using CDFA, what does not exist before the MAPt?
No level off segment
MDA is referenced to what?
Mean Sea Level (MSL)
MDH is referenced to either of what 2 things?
Aerodrome elevation or threshold elevation (if more than 7ft below aerodrome elevation)
MDH for a circling approach is referenced to what?
Aerodrome elevation
Low Visibility Take-Off (LVTO) is a take-off where RVR is less than what?
400m
Aeroplanes are assigned to different categories based on what?
Indicated airspeed at threshold (VAT)
2 ways of working out indicated airspeed at threshold (VAT)
1) VSO x 1.3
2) VS1 x 1.23
Indicated airspeed at threshold is calculated using what mass?
Maximum certified landing mass
Category A and B VAT
A = less than 91kts
B = 91 to 120kts
Non-precision approaches provide what guidance?
Lateral (azimuth) guidance
Non-precision approaches do not provide what guidance?
Vertical (glide path) guidance
If the ILS glide path is inoperative, what approach can be made?
Localiser only approach
It is common to add how many ft to MDA/H to regard it as a DA/H?
50ft
MDA/H for a non-precision approach must not be lower than what 2 things?
1) OCH for aeroplane category
2) MDH specified in AFM
Precision approaches provide what guidance?
Lateral (Localiser) and vertical (Glideslope)
CAT I has a decision height and RVR not lower than what?
200ft DH and 550m RVR
ATC must not issue speed changes within how many NM of runway threshold?
4NM
In what 2 scenarios is a circle to land required?
1) Runway not aligned within 30 degrees of the final approach course of the instrument approach procedure
2) Final approach requires 400 ft of descent (or more) per nautical mile.
During a circling to land, what must be maintained at all times?
Visual contact with the runway
MDH and minimum meteorological visibility for CAT A circling?
400ft and 1500m
MDH and minimum meteorological visibility for CAT B circling?
500ft and 1600m
An operator shall not use an RVR less than what for visual approaches?
800m
If the RVR/visibility for an approach is below the applicable minima, the approach may not continue beyond…?
1000ft AAL, the outer marker or equivalent position
If, after passing 1000ft AAL, the outer marker or equivalent position, the reported RVR/visibility falls below the applicable minimum, the approach may be continued to where?
DA/H or MDA/H
If RVR is not available, what can you do?
Convert aerodromes reported meteorological visibility to an equivalent RVR using conversion factors
Reported met visibility to RVR conversion factors for HI approach and runway lighting for day and night
Day = 1.5
Night = 2.0
Reported met visibility to RVR conversion factors for any other lighting for day and night
Day = 1.0
Night = 1.5
Reported met visibility to RVR conversion factors for no lighting for day and night
Day = 1.0
Night = N/A
Conversion of reported met visibility (CMV) to RVR may not be used in what 3 scenarios?
1) Take-off
2) Calculating any other required RVR minimum less than 800m
3) When reported RVR is available
The operator must not conduct low visibility take-offs in less than what RVR?
150m RVR
