Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clinical Inquiry II > Appraising Studies With Alt Designs > Flashcards

Appraising Studies With Alt Designs Flashcards

1
Q

Does the intervention begin before or after for single subject research (SSR)

A

After, establish baseline first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a case study

A

Systematically reported single pt that does not include controlled manipulation of intervention or other experimental controls that are implemented in SSR

Lacks systematic control, implementation, eval of tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are experimental designs

A

Intervention vs mechanistic

Direct result of intervention- does one tx produce outcomes that are superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Intervention study

A

Do pt get better with this tax compared to when they do not have to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Mechanistic study

A

If i give mouse saccharine, how does this change chemical signaling and how might it affect cancer risk

(Mostly science)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

True experimental

A

Experimental group and control
Random allocation
Random sampling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Quasi-experimental

A

No control- ethical, cost
No random allocation- ethical, geographical, feasibility drop out in control
No random sampling- feasibility, time constraints, prevalence of condition, need to control for othe factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the same in context of intervention studies?

A

All have some. Tx or condition

Outcomes measured

Results are interpreted as whether differences in outcome are related to tx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is diff in context of intervention studies?

A

NOT RANDOMIZED

  • ccontrol and tx groups can differ in tx and other unknowns
  • statistically controlled
  • rival hypotheses- could be something else and not the tx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Prognostic

A

Observational studies that tell us about risk factors (exposures) for some outcome (condition)

ASSOCIATION not causation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Diagnostic

A

Does PT test provide similar info to another gold standard test for a certain condition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the strengths of qualitative data

A

Gives understanding of perspectives and needs
Help support or explain results indicated in quantitative analysis
Detailed information can be used to identify patterns of behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Limitations of qual data

A

Small pop= not representative of larger demo
Data analysis time consuming
Subjective= bias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Limitations of quant data

A

Limited number of response options
Complex sampling procedures
May not describe complex situation
Some expertise needed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Qual and quant can be used together to produce

A

Mixed-methods study design

Takes advantage of strengths of each
Reduce limitations of each

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Types of qual research

A

Phenomenology- studying experiences of life
Ethnology- anthropological nature to study group behavior
Grounded theory-supporting an existing or new theory

17
Q

General process of qualitative research

A

Develop research Q
Identify sample
Collect data- interviews survey observ
Coding/analysis- identify themes, descriptive

18
Q

When do you need qual research

A

When research q is not simple yes/no
When u want to refine understanding of a topic from diff perspective
When you need to generate hypotheses

19
Q

Identify the sample

A

Small groups <10 are common
Not randomized
Methods and q will often justify sample size
Evolving

20
Q

Data acquisition

A

Structured interviews
Focus groups
Triangulation

21
Q

What is triangulation

A

Use of multiple data collection formats (interviews and recordings)
Multiple perspectives prevents PIGEONHOLING

22
Q

Mixed methods has many diff explanations

A

Sequential explanatory
“ exploratory
Concurrent embedded

23
Q

Sequential explanatory

A

QUANT before qual(explains results)

Ex- perform intervention then want to see why some ppl showed worsening w tx intervention

24
Q

Sequential exploratory

A

QUAL before quant

Ex- meet with pts to identify factors important to them, then use that infor to develop and test questionnaire

25
Q

Concurrent embedded

A

Qual data collected during quant study to help with interpretation

Similar to seq explain- but not 2-phase study

26
Q

What are some key characteristics of single subject designs

A

Used for intervention type studies
SEVERAL measurements are taken prior to intervention (baseline, A)
Several outcome measurements are taken thru out duration of tx (B)
Several outcome measures are taken after tx is finished (withdrawal , A)

27
Q

What’s the difference between single subject design vs case study?

A

SSD- prospective, controlled baseline, intervention and withdrawal pds, emphasis on scientific integ

case study- retrospective (medical record), uncontrolled data acquisition (done as part of clininnccal care), CLINICAL INTEGRITy

28
Q

When do you use ABA design?

A

When tx can be withdrawn
When trying to figure out if there was permanent change after tx (stretching)
To determine if pt only experiences improvement during active tx OR
-when there is expectation that only improvement during tx (TENS)

29
Q

ABAB design

A

Not typical in PT
Expects change with tx is not permanent or sustained
To better determine causation
-improvement happens when and only tx is applied

Helps you establish a cause- when i see improvement only when they have that tx then there is true causation

30
Q

ABACA

A

Test effect of sequential tx
Tx cannot be given in combo
Manual therapy followed by HEP

31
Q

Internal validity

A

Extent to which alternate explanations (beyond the tx of interest) can be ruled out

Is it the tx or something else happening to explain what you see IN the experiment

32
Q

External validity

A

A study results can be generalized to the population

How can the experiment be applied to pts outside of the study parameters

Subject should rep typical pt with condition of interest
Multiple subjects in study

33
Q

What is a celeration line

A

Line connecting average (median) of data at each phase of study
(Steepness and direction of slope are useful)

Drawback- linearity assumed

34
Q

What does detrending data mean

A

Timecourse alone may influence the outcome

Baseline trend removed from tx phase

35
Q

Ex of detrending data

A

Recovery from ortho surgery

Early recovery from stroke

36
Q

2 SD band

A

Method for determining significant change from baseline

If 2 data points exceed 2 SD range from baseline, then it’s significant

Clinical Inquiry II (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions