Appraise Flashcards
Tools that can help interpret clinical and statistical significance of data (3)
- EBM calculator
- Diagnostic test calculator
- Clinical Calculator
CAARP test is used to:
help you make an objective evaluation and eliminate the bad information
CAARP sands for:
- Currency
- Accuracy
- Authority
- Relevance
- Purpose
the timeliness of the information
currency
the source of the information
authority
the reliability, truthfulness, and correctness of the information content
Accuracy
the importance of the information
Relevance
reason the information exists
purpose
first step in appraising a research study is to determine:
if it is actually a research study
Abstract provides: (4)
background
methods
results
conclusion
things to look for in a non-study: (4)
- information is from a website and is not identified as research
- the article is identified as a CE or continuing education article
- the information sounds like a commercial promoting a specific product
- article is written in lay language as a patient education piece
someone has read and analyzed multiple studies and has written a review
Filtered evidence/ review
Hierarchy of evidence
highest to lowest
- Reviews
- Experimental
- Descriptive
reviews include: (2)
- systematic review
- focused reviews
reviews are also known as:
filtered studies
unfiltered studies include:
experimental and descriptive studies
Experimental studies include (2)
randomized controlled trials
quasi-experimental studies
descriptive studies can either be:
quantitative or qualitative
a summary of medical literature that uses explicit methods to perform a comprehensive literature search and critical appraisal of individual studies and that use appropriate statistical techniques to combine these valid studies
systematic review
a systematic review that uses quantitative methods to synthesize and summarize the results
meta-analysis
abstracts of systematic reviews more commonly include:
objective
data sources
study selection
data extraction and data synthesis
a summary of medical literature that is focused on a specific topic. Selection of studies to be included in the review are subjective
focused review
Downside of focused reviews (4)
- do not identify multiple database searches
- information based on evidence author has selected to support a position
- do not report quality of selected studies
- are subject to bias
experimental design includes: (5)
- asking a clinical question
- assigning participants to a group (random or quasi)
- measures an outcome
- compares outcomes
- findings suggest causation
quasi-experimental study lacks one or both:
- random assignment to groups
- control group
findings are reported in numbers
quantitative
findings are reported in descriptions
qualitative
Descriptive designs ask questions of:
who, when, what, where, and how things are associated
descriptive designs are used to:
obtain information concerning the current status of the phenomena and to describe “what exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a situation
findings ________ suggest causation
do not
types of quantitative descriptive studies (5)
- surveys
- secondary analysis
- correlational studies
- cohort studies
- case controlled studies
seeks to describe, decode, translate, and otherwise come to terms with he meaning
qualitative study
types of descriptive studies (4)
- grounded theory
- phenomenology
- ethnography
- historical
Step 1 of determining type of study
is it a review:
- yes (filtered)
- no (unfiltered)
a study is a review and uses multiple databases
systematic
Study is not a review, does it have interventions?
yes- experimental
no-descriptive
if a study is not a review, has interventions, and is randomized
RCT
a study is not a review, has interventions, but is not randomized
quasi-experiment study
a study is not a review, does not have interventions, and reports findings in numbers
quantitative descriptive
a study is not a review, does not have interventions, and reports findings as descriptions to describe a phenomena
qualitative descriptive
a study is a review but does not use multiple databases
focused review
