"Appraisal Processes In Emotion" - Ellsworth & Scherer

Question 1

_____ allow flexibility both in event interpretation and in response choice and from this point of view, represent an important evolutionary alternative

Answer 1

Emotions

Question 2

The general rule suggested is that emotions consist of patterns of perception or rather interpretation and their correlate in the central and peripheral nervous systems

Answer 2

Appraisal theory

Question 3

The organisms evaluation of its circumstances plays a crucial role in the elicitation and differentiation of its emotions.

Answer 3

Appraisal theories

Question 4

Something in the environment (physical, social, or mental) changes, and the organism’s attention is attracted

Answer 4

Novelty

Question 5

______ contrast sharply with _______ theories of emotion that posit a limited number of qualitatively distinct basic emotions,such as fear, anger, and sorrow.

Answer 5

Appraisal theories; categorical

Question 6

Theories that focus on sensations, subjective experience, or in philosophical parlance, on qualia. They postulate that emotions can be classified along certain underlying dimensions such as pleasantness, excitement, and tension suggesting that each emotion occupies a unique region in this multidimensional space. Distinguished from Appraisal theories.

Answer 6

Dimensional theory

Question 7

The link between the organism and the situation that produces the emotion. Not only describe but explain emotions. Emotions are adaptive responses to the world, not simply abstract sensations, as dimensional theories seem to imply.

Answer 7

Appraisal process

Question 8

The point of view that encourages the idea of a clear boundary between cognition and emotion or reason and passion.

Answer 8

appraisals-as-antecedents

Question 9

point of view that dissolves the boundary and renders meaningless a dichotomy which many theorists have considered dubious and even dangerous. Challenges the definition of individual emotions as bounded categories. e.g. many varieties of the emotion anger

Answer 9

appraisals-as-components

Question 10

_______theories, like ________ theories, are compatible with the idea of an infinite range of emotional states.

Answer 10

appraisal; dimensional

Question 11

apprisals can occur at three different levels, specifically:

Answer 11

sensorimotor, the schematic, and the conceptual level

processes occurring at different levels can interact

Question 12

The most basic dimensions of stimulus events to be coded in perception are the:

Answer 12

novelty and the intrinsic pleasantness or valence of a stimulus.

Question 13

A _______ ________ draws attention and mobilizes processing resources to determine whether ongoing activity can be continued or whether further processing and possibly adaptive action are required.

Answer 13

Novel Stimulus

Question 14

________ is the first step in the evaluation of the pertinence of an event for the organism.

Answer 14

attention

Question 15

a gateway into the emotional system

Answer 15

Novelty detection

Question 16

_________ or ___________ determines the fundamental reaction or response of the organism - liking or attraction, which encourages approach, versus dislike or aversion, which leads to withdrawal or avoidance.

Answer 16

Valence/Intrinsic Pleasantness

Question 17

The appraisal of _______ relevance is essential because it determines to what extent a stimulus or situation furthers or endangers an organism’s survival and adaptation to a given environment, the satisfaction of its needs, and the attainment of its goals.

Answer 17

Motivational

Question 18

It may be reasonable to expect that cross cultural differences in appraisal and consequent emotional reactions are largely determined by differences in the nature of ____ and ______ ________ in different cultures.

Answer 18

Goals; Goal hierarchies

Question 19

provides the organism with general guidance on whether or not a stimulus should be approached or avoided

Answer 19

intrinsic-pleasantness appraisal

Question 20

provides the organism with information about specific adaptational responses or adjustments

Answer 20

goal/need-conductiveness

Question 21

appraisal theorists have suggested a number of further dimensions related to the motivational domain:

Answer 21

probability or certainty, prospective emotions, & urgency

Question 22

The major function of the _____or ________ is to determine the appropriate response to an event, given the nature of the event and the resources at one’s disposal

Answer 22

power or coping appraisal

Question 23

Three fundamental dimensions that underlie causal attribution:

Answer 23

internal verses external
controllable versus uncontrollable outcomes
stable versus unstable

Question 24

relates to the assessment of how well an event or its outcomes can be influenced or controlled by other people, animals, or human artifacts. Refers exclusively to the perception that the course of events can be influenced.

Answer 24

control

Question 25

refers to the perception that the course of events can be influenced by oneself, possibly with the help of others

Answer 25

power

Question 26

When the control and power appraisals suggest that it is not possible for organism to change the outcome of an event. Here, the possibility of changing goals or reducing their priority and the cost of doing this is established

Answer 26

“emotion-focused coping potential”

Question 27

________ of appraisal, particularly with respect to norms, values, and justice on the other hand and the self and its social identity on the other.

Answer 27

social context

Question 28

The result of adding too many dimensions

Answer 28

drawback is a serious loss of parsimony ( Adoption of the simplest assumption in the formulation of a theory or in the interpretation of data) and highly nuanced (varied) systems are likely to lack generality

Question 29

Appraisal theory methods for measuring emotion

Answer 29

questionnaires, use naturally occurring events, induce emotions experimentally and obtain verbal reports on the appraisal processes, or the researcher can systematically construct scenarios that correspond to the theoretically postulated appraisal profiles and ask people which emotion they would feel if they were to find them selves in that situation

Question 30

Problems with subjectively measuring emotions:

Answer 30

responses could be more representative of social stereotypes than of actual appraisal emotion relationships

Question 31

Emotions and appraisals of events are likely to be Cultural_____ , but the relationship between appraisals and emotions is culturally _________, perhaps even universal

Answer 31

variable; general

Question 32

what is universal is the link between appraisal patterns and emotions

Answer 32

the if-then contingency