Apportionment Flashcards
The act of dividing up a mixed number of things among groups of different sizes according to some plan, especially to make proportionate distribution in a fair manner.
Apportionment
the parties having a stake in the apportionment
states
indivisible objects that are divided among n
states
seats
set of n positive numbers that are used as the basis for the apportionment of the seats to the states
population
ratio of the total population to the total
number of seats to be allocated
Standard Divisor (d)
total population/total number of seats
Standard Divisor (d)
ratio of a state’s population to the standard divisor
Standard Quota (q)
state’s population/d
Standard Quota (q)
Proposed by Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804)
Hamilton’s Method
First apportionment method to be approved in the United States of America Congress in 1791, but was
vetoed by President George Washington in 1792.
Hamilton’s Method
True or False.
Hamilton’s method was adopted by the US Congress from 1852 until 1911.
True
True or False.
Hamilton’s method tend to favor smaller states.
False
Proposed by Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826)
Jefferson’s Method
First used in US Congress in 1791 until 1842 after Hamilton’s method was vetoed by Pres. Washington.
Jefferson’s Method
First 3 steps are the same as Hamilton’s method
Jefferson’s Method
True or False.
Jefferson’s Method tends to favor larger states
True
Proposed by John Quincy Adams (1767-1848)
Adam’s Method
proposed using a modified divisor greater than the standard
divisor, and he rounded up the modified quota to get the upper quota. To “round up” means to add 1 to the whole number part if the decimal part is not equal to zero.
Adam’s Method
True or False.
Adam’s Method tends to favor smaller states
True
Proposed by Daniel Webster (1782-1852)
Webster’s Method
US Congress adopted this method in 1842 but in 1852, Hamilton’s method replaced it.
Webster’s Method
proposed rounding off the standard quota to get the “rounded quota”.
Webster’s Method
First 3 steps are the same as the other methods.
Webster’s Method
Proposed by Edward Huntington and Joseph Hill
Hill-Huntington’s Method
This method is currently the method of apportionment used by
the US Congress.
Hill-Huntington’s Method
Similar to Webster’s method, but attempts to minimize the percent differences of how many people each representative will represent.
Hill-Huntington’s Method
It slightly favors small states.
Hill-Huntington’s Method
Proposed by William Lowndes (1782-1822)
Lowndes’ Method
When deciding where the remaining representatives should
go, we divide the decimal part of each state’s quota by the whole number part
Lowndes’ Method
More favorable to smaller states.
Lowndes’ Method
