Applied Sport and Exercise Physiology

Question 1

Cardiovascular response

to altitude

Answer 1

Decrease in plasma volume within first few hours.

Question 2

Cardiovascular response

to altitude

Answer 2

Respiratory water loss and increased urination (Bicarbonate excretion).

Question 3

Cardiovascular response

to altitude

Answer 3

Decrease in plasma volume of up to 25% - can be combated with fluid intake.

Question 4

Cardiovascular response

to altitude

Answer 4

Continued exposure to high altitude triggers release of erythropoietin (EPO) from the kidneys

Question 5

Cardiac output (Q) is the function 
of

Answer 5

HR and SV

Question 6

Sympathetic activation =

Answer 6

release norepinephrine and epinephrine. Persists for several days of acute exposure.

Question 7

During max exercise max SV and max

HR are

Answer 7

decreased

Question 8

Decrease in max HR possibly attributable to

Answer 8

decrease in β – receptors in the heart.

Question 9

Couple decreased pressure gradient and decrease in maximal cardiac output

Answer 9

clear explanation for decrease in aerobic performance at max and sub max

Question 10

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 10

Decrease in plasma volume (Can be maintained with fluid intake)

Question 11

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 11

Increase in number of red blood cells (EPO)

Question 12

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 12

Increase in hemoglobin content

Question 13

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 13

Decrease in muscle fiber areas and total muscle area (reduced capacity for producing ATP and force production)

Question 14

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 14

Increase in capillary density

Question 15

Chronic altitude adaptaions

Answer 15

Increase in pulmonary ventilation

Question 16

Does altitude training improve sea level performance?

Answer 16

Altitude-induced increase in red blood cell mass and hemoglobin levels improves oxygen delivery on return to sea level.