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Applied Science Flashcards

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1
Q

What is Psychosis?

A

Psychosis is a general term used to describe a particular group of symptoms.

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2
Q

What are the Psychotic symptoms?

A
  • Detached from Reality
  • Delusions and Paranoia
  • Hallucinations
  • Mania
  • Depression
  • Emotional, Personality and Behavioural Changes
  • Lack of Insight/Thought Disorders
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3
Q

What are the Nursing issues involved with Psychotic patients?

A
  • Safety from self harm and harming others
  • Provision of basic needs, fluids, nutrition, activities
  • Anti-psychotic medication
  • ‘Observations’ close, constant; intermittent; from a distance.
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4
Q

What are the 5 types of Hallucinations?

A
  • Visual
  • Auditory
  • Tactile
  • Olfactory
  • Gustatory
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5
Q

What are Visual Hallucinations?

A

Seeing things that are not there or that other people cannot see.

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6
Q

What are Auditory Hallucinations?

A

Hearing voices that other people can’t hear. “Voices” are the most common type of hallucination in schizophrenia. Many people with the disorder hear voices that may comment on their behavior, order them to do things, warn them of impending danger, or talk to each other (usually about the patient)

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7
Q

What are Tactile Hallucinations?

A

Feeling things that other people don’t feel or something touching your skin that isn’t there

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8
Q

What are Olfactory Hallucinations?

A

Smelling things that other people cannot smell, or not smelling the same thing that other people do smell

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9
Q

What are Gustatory Hallucinations?

A

Tasting things that aren’t there

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10
Q

What are Hallucinations?

A

False perception without external stimuli. Five forms can be experienced

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11
Q

What are Illusion?

A

An illusion is a mistaken perception for which there is an actual external stimulus. For example, a visual illusion might be seeing a shadow and misinterpreting it as a person. The words “illusion” “delusion” and “hallucination” are sometimes confused with each other

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12
Q

What are Delusions?

A

Fixed false beliefs that persist in the presence of blatant evidence to the contrary. Delusions are false personal beliefs that are not part of the person’s culture and do not change, even when other people present proof that the beliefs are not true or logical. People with schizophrenia can have delusions of control, in which they believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are being controlled by other people e.g. that neighbors can control their behaviour with magnetic waves.

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13
Q

What are Delusions of Reference?

A

People on television are directing special messages to them, or radio stations are broadcasting their thoughts aloud to others.

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14
Q

What are Somatic Delusions?

A

Are false beliefs about your body - for example that a terrible physical illness exists or that something foreign is inside or passing through your body

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15
Q

What are Delusions of Grandeur?

A

Thinking they are famous historical figures or rock stars.

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16
Q

What are Delusions of Persecution?

A

People with paranoid schizophrenia can believe that people are deliberately cheating, harassing, poisoning, spying upon, or plotting against them or the people they care about.

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17
Q

What is Schizophrenia?

A

A serious mental illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and behaves.

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18
Q

What are the Symptoms Schizophrenia?

A
  • Positive symptoms. (excesses of thought, emotion, & behaviour)
  • Negative symptoms. (deficits of, emotion, and behaviour),
  • Cognitive symptoms. (deficits of thinking)
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19
Q

What are thought disorders?

A

People with schizophrenia often have unusual thought processes. One example is disorganized thinking, in which the person has difficulty organizing his or her thoughts or connecting them logically and speech may be garbled or hard to understand.

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20
Q

What is loose associations?

A

A communication pattern characterized by lack of clarity or connection between one thought and the next.Someone’s thoughts are only loosely connected to each other in the person’s conversation.
Rhyming.

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21
Q

What is neologisms?

A

Manifestation of thought disorder in schizophrenia, in which individuals contrive words.

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22
Q

What is Perseveration?

A

The tendency for a memory or idea to persist or recur without any apparent stimulus for it.

23
Q

Flight of ideas

A

Verbal skipping from one idea to another before the last one has been concluded.

24
Q

thought blocking,”

A

person stops abruptly in the middle of a thought.

25
Q

disorders of movement

A

People with schizophrenia can be uncoordinated.
They may also exhibit involuntary movements and may grimace or exhibit unusual mannerisms.
They may repeat certain motions over and over or, imitate movements of another person (Echopraxia) or in in extreme cases they may become catatonic. Catatonia is a state of immobility and unresponsiveness. It was more common when treatment for schizophrenia was not available; fortunately, it is now rare.

26
Q

What are negative symptoms?

A

refers to reductions in normal emotional and behavioral states…

27
Q

What are Delusions?

A

Delusions are false personal beliefs that are not part of the person’s culture and do not change, even when other people present proof that the beliefs are not true or logical.

28
Q

What are Delusions of Control?

A

People with schizophrenia can have delusions of control, in which they believe their feelings, thoughts, and actions are being controlled by other people e.g. that neighbours can control their behaviour with magnetic waves.

29
Q

What are Delusions of reference?

A

People on television are directing special messages to them, or radio stations are broadcasting their thoughts aloud to others.

30
Q

What are Somatic Delusions?

A

False beliefs about your body - for example that a terrible physical illness exists or that something foreign is inside or passing through your body.

31
Q

What are Delusions of Grandeur?

A

thinking they are famous historical figures or rock stars.

32
Q

What are Delusions of persecutions?

A

People with paranoid schizophrenia can believe that people are deliberately cheating, harassing, poisoning, spying upon, or plotting against them or the people they care about.

33
Q

Disorders of Movement 7 examples.

A 
Uncoordinated
Involuntary movements
Grimace
Unusual Mannerisms
Repartition of movement.
Imitation
Catatonic
34
Q

Poverty of Speech

A

Negative Speech - speaking infrequently, even when forced to interact: Alogia)

35
Q

Apathy

A

Negative - Feelings of indifference towards people, activities, events and socials withdrawal

36
Q

Flat Affect

A

Negative - absence of facial expression that would indicate emotions/mood (immobile facial expression, monotonous voice)

37
Q

Blunt Affect

A

Negative - Restricted range of emotional feeling/mood) Anhedonia: cannot express emotion, or find pleasure in everyday life

38
Q

Lack of Volition

A

Negative - Diminished ability to initiate and sustain planned activity absence of will/ loss or a decrease in the ability to initiate plans

39
Q

7 Cognitive Symptoms of Schizophrenia

A
  • Disorganized thinking
  • Slow thinking
  • Difficulty understanding
  • Poor concentration
  • Poor memory
  • Difficulty expressing thoughts
  • Difficulty integrating thoughts, feelings and behaviour
40
Q

Disorganised (hebephrenic) Schizophrenia

A

Characterised by hallucinations, delusions inappropriate laughing and crying, incoherent speech, and infantile behaviour.

41
Q

Catatonic Schizophrenia

A

Characterized by physical rigidity or hyperactivity.

42
Q

Paranoid Schizophrenia

A

Person can often function relatively normally, although they may be disturbed by persecutory delusions and hallucinations, and they tend to exhibit argumentative behaviour.

43
Q

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

A

Characterised by the presence of a combination of symptoms from other types

44
Q

Residual Schizophrenia

A

Is constituted by minor symptoms, which occur as an active episode diminishes

45
Q

Schizoid Personality

A

A pervasive pattern of detachment from social relationships and a restricted range of expression of emotions in interpersonal settings.

46
Q

Schizophreniform Disorder

A

Acute schizophrenia-like brief psychotic disorder.

47
Q

Schizotypal Personality

A

A pervasive pattern of social and interpersonal deficits marked by acute discomfort with, and reduced capacity for, close relationships as well as by cognitive or perceptual distortions and eccentricities of behaviour.

48
Q

Schizoaffective Disorder

A

Mood disorder frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia (and vise versa)

49
Q

Asperger’s Syndrome

A

A type of Autism that may be misdiagnosed as schizophrenia in children

50
Q

Genetic Factors of Schizophrenia

A

Schizophrenia is known to run in families. Thus, the riskof illness inan identical twin of a person with schizophrenia is 40-50%. A child of a parent suffering from schizophrenia has a 10% chance of developing the illness. The risk of schizophrenia in the general population is about 1%

51
Q

Abnormalities in Brian Structure of Schizophrenia

A

Are found consistently in people with schizophrenia.
This includes enlarged ventricles and asymmetrical hemispheres.
Computerized functional imaging of the brain has found decreased blood flow to the frontal lobes of people with schizophrenia.

52
Q

Amphetamine psychosis

A

Some of the most obvious evidence for this theory is from the effect of drugs such as amphetamine and cocaine. These drugs (and others like them) increase levels of dopamine in the brain and can cause psychosis, particularly after large doses or prolonged use. This is often referred to as ’’amphetamine psychosis’ or ‘cocaine psychosis’, but may produce experiences virtually indistinguishable from the positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia.

53
Q

Legal definition of Mental Disorder

A

An abnormal state of mind shown by delusions or disorders of mood, perception, volition or cognition; the abnormal state of mind must be a serious danger to self or others or it must seriously reduce ability to look after self.

Applied Science (3 decks)

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