Applied Science Flashcards
What is a Neuron/Nerve Cell?
The most fundamental component of the brain and nervous system
What is an Axon?
The thin tail like structure of a neuron that generates and conducts nerve impulses
What are Dendrites?
rootlike structures branching out from the cell body that receive and process signals from the axons of other neurons.
What is the function of Neurosecretory tissues?
Translate neural signals into chemical stimuli. These tissues make neurohormones, hormones produced and released by nerve cells that are released into the blood stream.
What is Nervous tissue?
Tissue found in the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that coordinate body activities
What are Neuroglia?
Cells in the brain and spinal cord that that form a supporting structure for the neurons and provide them with insulation
What is a Decussation?
The point of crossover of the nervous system in vertrebrates located between the between the medulla oblongata and the spinal cord
What is the Hypothalamus?
the region at tghe base of the brain that is responsible for maintaining homeostasis
What is Homeostasis?
a self-regulating process by which the body maintains the stability of its physiological processes for the purpose of optimal function
The human body is organized in the following structures (smallest to largest)
Atoms > Cells > tissues > organs > Organ Systems> Organism
Classifications of Neurons ( List and describe)
Sensory Neurons: nerve cells involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information
Motor Neurons: neurons that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands
Interneurons: Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons
Interneurons
Nerve cells that connect neurons to other neurons
Motor Neurons
neurons that initiate muscle contraction or activate glands
Sensory Neurons
nerve cells involved in communicating tactile, auditory, or visual information
What are the main lobes of the brain?
Frontal lobe: the brain lobe involved in motor control, emotion, and language.
- motor cortex: the region of the frontal lobe that plans and coordinates movement.
- prefrontal cortex: the part of the frontal lobe responsible for high level thinking and language.
Parietal lobe: the brain lobe involved in processing sensory information
-somatosensory cortex: the region of the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensations such as temperature, pain, and touch
Temporal lobe: the lateral lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, memory and emotion.
-Auditory cortex: the region of the temporal lobe responsible for hearing
Occipital lobe: the posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision
Visual cortex: the specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception.
Frontal lobe
the brain lobe involved in motor control, emotion, and language.
motor cortex:
the region of the frontal lobe that plans and coordinates movement.
prefrontal cortex
the part of the frontal lobe responsible for high level thinking and language.
Parietal lobe
the brain lobe involved in processing sensory information
somatosensory cortex
the region of the parietal lobe responsible for processing sensations such as temperature, pain, and touch
Temporal lobe
the lateral lobe of the brain responsible for hearing, memory and emotion.
Auditory cortex
the region of the temporal lobe responsible for hearing
Occipital lobe
the posterior lobe of the brain responsible for vision
Visual cortex:
the specific region of the occipital lobe responsible for sight and visual perception.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
The part of the nervous system consisting of the brain and spinal cord; receives sensory input and organizes, analyzes, and processes neural information .
Cerebrum
the uppermost and largest part of brain, consisting of left and right hemispheres, responsible for recieving sensory information and controlling the body.
Brain stem
the trunk of the brain, consisting of the medulla oblongata, the pons, and midbrain that continues downawrd from the spinal cord
Cerebral cortex
the part of the brain where neural integration occurs
Midbrain
the brain region responsible for motor movement and processing auditory and visual information
Pons
the brain region responsible for posture, facial movement, and sleep
Medulla oblongata
the base of the brain stem, responsible for involuntary functions such as swallowing, sneezing, and heart function.
Thalamus
the brain region responsible for relaying sensory and motor systems and regulating consciousness
Spinal cord
The neural tissue extending from the medulla oblongata to the lumbar region (lower back)of the vertebral column that connect the body and brain
Cerebellum
The region of the brain responsible for conscious motor coordination.
