Applied Craniofacial Development, Growth and Function

Question 1

What happens in the 4th week of embryonic life?

Answer 1

Neural Crest Cells (NCC) Migration

Differentiate into skeletal and connective tissues, including the bones of the jaw and the teeth

Question 2

What is the Origin of facial mesenchyme?

Answer 2

neural crest

Question 3

What are the basic morphogenetic processes of initiation, segmentation, patterning, migration and differentiation are medicated by?

Answer 3

Medicated via a series of extracellular signalling molecules in a cascade of cellular events.

Question 4

MSX1 and MSX2 in the initiation, developmental position (patterning) and morphodifferentiation of tooth buds.

What is the Information expressed through?

Answer 4

Information expressed through mesenchymal growth factors (FGF, EGF, TGFs and BMPs)

Question 5

What is the timing of Palatal closure?

Answer 5

• Week 6, Day 44: primary palate fusion
• Week 7, Day 54: palatal shelves elevate
• Week 8, day 58: secondary palate fusion

Question 6

Where are the Circum-maxillary sutures?

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the Expression of the genetic growth potential?

Answer 7

1. Mandibular condylar cartilage functions mainly as a growth cartilage during the foetal and neonatal stages.
2. The articular function of the condyle increases as the growth activity of the condylar cartilage decreases.

Question 8

What is the role of Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and calcium (Ca++) in condylar growth?

Answer 8

A rise in cAMP and Ca++ accelerates the differentiation of mesonchymal cells and their maturation to hypertrophic cells.

Question 9

What is labelled?

Answer 9