Applied & basic sciences

Question 1

A good physiologic approximation of myocardial oxygen consumption is:

Answer 1

rate pressure product

Question 2

A 16-year-old gymnast presents with shin pain, disordered eating, and amenorrhea. The diagnosis of stress fracture is confirmed via bone scan. Your pharmacologic treatment recommendation would consist of:

Answer 2

supplemental calcium

Question 3

45-year-old obese female complains of insiduous onset of pain in the medial ankle and hindfoot, between medial malleolus and navicular tuberosity. Which of the following pathologies is likely the cause of her pain?

Answer 3

posterior tibialis tendon dysfunction

Question 4

Infants and children with birth brachial plexus palsy are most at risk for subluxation of the shoulder in which direction?

Answer 4

posterior

Question 5

Orthostasis in the elderly can be exacerbated by decreased:

Answer 5

baroreceptor response

Question 6

The most common etiology for ischemic stroke in children is:

Answer 6

arteriopathy

Question 7

Which physiologic change related to aging is included among factors that necessitate decreased loading doses for water soluble medications?

Answer 7

increased fat mass

Question 8

A patient with a brachial plexus tumor develops Horner’s syndrome. This suggests involvement of which nerve root level?

Answer 8

T1

Question 9

During the second rocker of stance phase, or ankle rocker phase:

Answer 9

The tibia advances over the ankle-foot complex

Question 10

Stroke in which of the following regions would account for hand/foot weakness with intact sensation and cognition?

Answer 10

internal capsule

Question 11

Which medication class can be associated with precipitation of gout flare?

Answer 11

loop diuretics

Question 12

What is the most likely location of a stroke causing nystagmus, right eye ptosis and miosis, loss of right facial pain-and-temperature sensation, and left-sided loss of bodily pain-and-temperature sensation?

Answer 12

lateral medulla

Question 13

Which type of nerve fibers is responsible for vibration perception?

Answer 13

Large, myelinated sensory fibers

Question 14

The short head of the biceps femoris is innervated by which nerve?

Answer 14

common perineal

Question 15

What is the strongest predictor of a seizure-related motor vehicle crash?

Answer 15

Duration of seizure free interval

Question 16

The most common site of maximum tenderness with a navicular stress fracture is:

Answer 16

Dorsally between the tibialis anterior and the extensor hallucis longus tendons

Question 17

Neonatal brachial plexus palsy most commonly involves which trunk(s) of the brachial plexus?

Answer 17

upper

Question 18

Which of the following provide sensory innervation to the posterior sacroiliac joint?

Answer 18

L5 dorsal ramus

Question 19

Which carpal bone fracture is most associated with causing an ulnar neuropathy at the wrist?

Answer 19

hamate fracture

Question 20

A 16-year-old male presents to your clinic with a low energy Lisfranc Injury. The most likely findings on imaging are:

Answer 20

Diastasis of the medial cuneiform and 2nd metatarsal bones

Question 21

A 38-year-old female runner crosses the finish line of a 26.2-mile marathon with a finishing time of 3 hours and 40 minutes and then collapses. The most likely cause of the collapse is:

Answer 21

postural hypotension

Question 22

Which of the following is a mechanism of action of local anesthetics such as lidocaine?

Answer 22

Blockage of voltage-gated sodium channels on the axon

Question 23

In talipes equinovarus (clubfoot), which bone is the main source of abnormality?

Answer 23

Talus

Question 24

Where is the ground reaction force vector located during mid-stance?

Answer 24

Anterior to ankle and anterior to knee

Question 25

The most common risk factor for congenital limb deficiency is

Answer 25

vascular condition

Question 26

The most frequently dislocated joint in the hand is the:

Answer 26

Proximal interphalangeal joint

Question 27

A musician presents with insidious onset of dorsal wrist pain that is worse with use of the hand and wrist. You diagnose her with intersection syndrome, which occurs when the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis cross over which muscles:

Answer 27

Extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

Question 28

What is the most commonly affected joint in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

Answer 28

knee

Question 29

How much pronation can occur in the residual limb of a wrist disarticulation?

Answer 29

120 degrees

Question 30

A 16-year-old gymnast with persistent back pain is diagnosed with spondylolysis. This patient is expected to have a defect in which part of the spinal anatomy?

Answer 30

lamina

Question 31

Which muscle fiber type uses only glycolytic metabolism for energy?

Answer 31

Type 2B

Question 32

Which physiologic difference is more likely to be seen in an athlete with a complete spinal cord injury at T3 versus T12?

Answer 32

Lower maximum heart rate

Question 33

In the frontal plane, movements and stabilization are controlled primarily by:

Answer 33

quadrates lumborum

Question 34

Which of the following is a component of the posterolateral corner of the knee?

Answer 34

Popliteus tendon

Question 35

Injury to which of the following structures involved in the lateral medullary syndrome causes voice hoarseness and dysphagia?

Answer 35

Nucleus ambiguus

Question 36

Which of the following distinguishes the ASYMMETRIC tonic neck reflex (ATNR) from the SYMMETRIC tonic neck reflex (STNR)?

Answer 36

Present at birth and disappearance by 6 months

Question 37

Botulinum toxin injections should not be performed when a patient is taking which of the following, due to potentiation of the botulinum toxin?

Answer 37

Gentamicin (amino glycoside antibiotics)

Question 38

Which of the following is a cardiopulmonary complication associated with obstructive sleep apnea?

Answer 38

Ventricular hypertrophy

Question 39

A physiatrist is using ultrasound to examine a patient’s shoulder. What is the anterior boundary of the rotator interval?

Answer 39

Superior aspect of subscapularis tendon

Question 40

In a two-week-old baby, abnormality of which primitive reflex aids in diagnosis of Erb’s palsy?

Answer 40

Moro reflex

Question 41

The strongest restraint to valgus stress in the elbow is the:

Answer 41

Anterior bundle of the medial collateral ligament

Question 42

According to the motor unit size principle, which statement is TRUE about muscle activation?

Answer 42

Recruitment of smaller units is followed by recruitment of larger units.

Question 43

Which attribute distinguishes end plate activity from fibrillation potentials?

Answer 43

End plate spikes have initial negative phases

Question 44

In which plane are the thoracic zygapophyseal joints aligned?

Answer 44

coronal

Question 45

In a newborn with brachial plexopathy, injury to which nerve root results in Horner syndrome?

Answer 45

C8

Question 46

Which blood vessel is most likely to compress the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 46

Superior cerebellar artery

Question 47

Which portion of the scaphoid bone has the majority of the blood supply and therefore the best chance of fracture healing?

Answer 47

Distal one-third of the scaphoid bone