Applied ANS Flashcards
Where does the ANS arise
- it is a division of the PNS that includes involuntary efferent neurons
what are the divisions of the ANS
- sympathetic
- parasympathetic
- enteric
what is the function of the sympathetic branch and which spinal nerves are involved
- it is important for fight or flight responses and the spinal nerves involved are
- T1 to L2 (Thoracolambar)
What is the function of the parasympathetic branch and which craniosacral nerves are involved
- it is important for rest and digest functions and involves craniosacral nerves
- CN: 3,7,9,10
- Sacral nerves: S2,3&4
which nerve supplies most of parasympathetic outflow
- vagus nerve [CN X]
what are the three groups of neurotransmitters
- Acetylcholine
- Norepinephrine/Epinephrine
- Non-Ach/Non-Adrenergic
where do you find Ach neurotransmitters
- preganglionic
- postganglionic parasympathetic
- postganglionic parasympathetic in sweat glands
where do you find Norepinephrine/Epinephrine neurotransmitters
- postganglionic sympathetic
what are 6 examples of non-Ach/Non-Adrenergic neurotransmitters
- serotonin
- GABA
- histamine
- dopamine
- nitric oxide
- 5-hydroxytryptophan
what are the basic steps and sites for drug action
- Synthesis of a transmitter
- Storage of a transmitter
- Release of a transmitter
- Interaction of a transmitter with receptor on effector cells
- Removal/Degradation/Recycling of transmitter
what are the two cholinergic receptors and the receptor types
- Nicotinic - Nn and Nm
- Muscarinic - M1 to M5
what are the two types of Adrenergic Receptors and their types
- Alpha - alpha 1 and alpha 2
- Beta - beta 1 and beta 2
where are M1 receptors located
- CNS
- ganglia
where are M2 receptors located
- heart
- nerves
- smooth muscle
where are M3 receptors located
- glands
- smooth muscle
- endothelium
where are M4 receptors located
- CNS
where are M5 receptors located
- CNS
where are Nm receptors located
- Skeletal muscle
- Neuromuscular junction
where are Nn receptors located
- postganglionic cell body
- Dendrites
- CNS
Where do alpha1 receptors work
- blood vessels
- glands (bronchi)
- sphincters (GIT)
- smooth muscle (GIT)
- Trigone and sphincter (Bladder)
- Iris and Radial Muscle (EYE)
- Sweat glands (SKIN)
where do beta1 receptors work
heart
What is Glaucoma
group of eye diseases that can cause vision loss and blindness by damaging the optic nerve.
name two cholinergic agonists
- Pilocarpine (direct pathway)
- Neostigmine (indirect pathway)
name two cholinergic Antagonists
- Atropine
- Ipratropium
