(Applied Anatomy & Physiology) Musculoskeletal System Flashcards
What are the five functions on the skeletal system?
- Muscle attachment
- Protection
- Movement
- Mineral storage
- Production of blood cells
What are the four classification (types) of bone?
Long bones
Short bones
Flat bones
Irregular bones
What is a useful mnemonic we can use for remembering the different functions of the skeleton?
Super Star Pele Makes Many Passes
support, structure, protection, movement, mineral storage, production of blood cells
What bone is at the bottom of the spine?
Coccyx
What bones do the hands contain?
carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
What bones does the foot contain?
phalanges, tarsals and metatarsals
Where are tarsals found?
In the ankle
What do carpals form?
The wrist
What are phalanges?
The finger bones
What is a joint?
Where 2 or more bones meet?
What are the 3 types of joint in the body?
- Immovable (fixed) joints
- Slightly moveable joints
- Synovial joints
What do tendons do?
Tendons connect muscle to bone
What to ligaments do?
Ligaments connect bone to bone.
What are 3 different types of muscle?
Voluntary, involuntary, cardiac
What are voluntary muscles?
They are attached to the skeleton and move the bones of the body to help you move. Voluntary muscles are under your control
What are involuntary muscles?
You can’t control them. They help control the flow around the body, including voluntary muscles during exercise.
Where can we find involuntary muscles?
In blood vessels.
What are cardiac muscles?
You can’t control the cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscles is always working to pump blood through the blood vessels. It pumps faster during exercise.
Where can you find the cardiac muscle?
In the heart
Which upper body muscle is responsible for extension at the elbow?
Triceps
What is the function of the Pectoralis major?
Adduction and flexion at the shoulder ( e.g forehand drives in tennis)
What is the function of the Deltoids?
Flexion, extension, abduction and circumspection at the shoulder (e.g bowling a cricket ball)
What is the function of the Lattissumus dorsi?
Extension, addiction and rotation at the shoulder (e.g butterfly stroke in swimming)
What is the function of the Biceps?
Flexion at the elbow (e.g when doing pull ups)
What is the function of the triceps ?
Extension at the elbow ( e.g. throwing a javelin)
What is the function of the External obliques?
Rotation and flexion at the waist (e.g. turning to throw a discus)
What is the function of the hip flexors?
Flexion of the leg at the hip e.g. lifting the knee to run
What is the muscle function of the Gluteus maximus?
Extension of the leg at the hip e.g. pulling back leg up kick a football.
Quadriceps function?
Extension at the knee e.g. drop kicks in rugby
Hamstring function?
Flexion at the knee e.g. bending the knee to kick a football
Tibialis anterior function?
Dorsi-flexion at the ankle e.g. turning in snowboarding
Gastrocnemius function?
Plantar- flexion at the ankle e.g. toe points in ballet
What is an antagonist muscle pair?
A pair of muscles that work together to function and deliver a movement
What is an example of an upper body muscle pair?
Biceps (front) + triceps (back) - located on either side of the Humerus
What is an example of a lower body muscle pair?
Quadriceps (front) + hamstrings (back) - located either side of the femur (thigh bone)
What is an example of an exercise that requires a muscle pair to work together?
When doing hamstring curls, the hamstrings contract and the quadriceps relax
Which muscle is the antagonistic one?
The main muscle that causes movement. It then relaxes you to let another muscle work.
What is an example of how major muscles work antagonistically?
When kicking a football: The quadriceps (prime mover) contract and shorten to straighten the leg.
The hamstrings (antagonist) relax and extend to counteract this action.
What does the prime mover do?
Initiates movement
