Applied Anatomy & Physiology Flashcards
What is the bone located in your head called?
Cranium
Name 3 bones in the arm.
Humerus, Radius and Ulna
Where is the vertebrae located?
In the back
Name the bone located in the shoulder.
Scapula
Which bones protect the heart?
Ribs, Sternum
What bones are found in the lower leg?
Tibia, Fibula
What is the bone in the upper leg called?
Femur
In general, what is the purpose of the skeleton?
- provides a framework for muscle attachment
* works together with the muscular system to enable movement at joints.
What do long bones enable?
Long bones enable gross movement by working as levers.
Two examples of long bones.
- the humerus
* the femur
State two components of short bones.
- are as wide as they are long
* allow finer, controlled movements
What are flat bones?
Flat bones provide protection of vital organs and a broad surface for muscles to attach to.
Three examples of flat bones.
- the cranium
- the ribs
- the scapula
What are the key functions of the skeleton?
- support
- production of blood cells
- storage of minerals
- protection of vital organs
- structural shape and muscle attachment
- formation of joints for movement
What do platelets do?
Help clotting if you are cut
What do red blood cells do?
Transport oxygen to working muscles
What do white blood cells do?
Help fight infection
What minerals are stored in the bones and what is their purpose?
Calcium and phosphorous are stored in bones to help strengthen them
How does the skeleton provide support?
By providing a structural shape for muscles and tissues to attach to
What does the skeleton protect?
Vital organs e.g the heart, lungs
Bones act as levers. What is the purpose of levers?
Levers allow the body to increase the force it can generate or increase the speed of the movement
Name two functions of cartilage
- rteduces friction
* absorbs shock
What do ligaments do?
Connect bone to bone and stabilise the joint, holding the bones in the correct position
Two functions of the joint capsule.
- seals the joint
* provides stability to the joint
What does the synovial membrane do?
It secretes (produces) synovial fluid
Three functions of synovial fluid.
- lubricates and reduces friction in the joint
- supplies nutrients to the joint
- removes waste products from the joint
Functions of the bursae
- reduce mechanical friction in the joint
* act as a cushion between the bone and another part of the joint, such as the tendons of muscles
What do tendons do?
Connect muscle to bone
What is a joint?
The place where two or more bones meet. It is where movement can occur
Where would a hinge joint be located?
- knee
- elbow
- ankle
Examples of a ball and socket joint.
- hip
* shoulder