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Physical Education > Applied Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

A 
Support
Protection
Movement
Shape/Structure
Mineral Storage
Blood Cell Production
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2
Q

What is meant by Support in the function of the skeleton?

A

Support= The muscles and vital organs are all kept in place and supported by various parts of the skeleton.

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3
Q

What is meant by protection in the function of the skeleton?

A

Protection= This is mainly provided by the flat bones, protects vital organs,

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4
Q

What is meant by movement in the function of the skeleton?

A

Movement= The different types of joints allow different types of movement, as do the types of bones.

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5
Q

What is meant by shape/structure in the function of the skeleton?

A

Shape/structure is provided by the skeleton and the two types of bones also affect the amount of movement. Short bones enable finer controlled movements. Long Bones enable gross movements.

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6
Q

What is meant by mineral storage in the function of the skeleton?

A

Mineral Storage= the bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other functions.

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7
Q

What is meant by blood cell production in the function of the skeleton?

A

Blood Cell Production= this takes place in the bone marrow where red blood cells are formed.

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8
Q

What is a synovial joint?

A

freely movable joints

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9
Q

What do Synovial joints allow us to do?

A

allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.

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10
Q

What are tendons in a synovial joint?

A

Tendons= Very strong cords that attach the muscle to the bone.

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11
Q

What is the cartilage in a synovial joint?

A

Cartilage= tough, but flexible smooth elastic tissue which prevents friction and stops bones from rubbing together.

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12
Q

What is the Joint capsule in a synovial joint?

A

encloses and supports

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13
Q

What is the Bursae in the synovial joint?

A

Bursae= Sacks of fluid which reduce friction.

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14
Q

What is the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?

A

Synovial Membrane= Secretes synovial fluid

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15
Q

What is the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?

A

Synovial Fluid= provides lubrication tot he joint

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16
Q

What is the ligaments in a synovial joint?

A

Ligaments= bands of fibre which attach bone to bone

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17
Q

What are articulating bones?

A

Articulating Bones= Where two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint.

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18
Q

What is a joint?

A

Joint- A connection point between two bones where movement occurs

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19
Q

What is abduction?

A

Abduction= Movement away from the mid line of the body

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20
Q

What is Adduction?

A

Adduction= Movement towards the mid line of the body

21
Q

What is flexion?

A

Flexion= Decreasing the angle of the bones at a joint.

22
Q

What is extension?

A

Extension= increasing the angle of bones at a joint

23
Q

What is plantar flexion?

A

Plantar Flexion= Pointing the toes at the ankle/ increasing thew ankle angle.

24
Q

What is rotation?

A

Rotation= Movement around an axis

25
Q

Where are the head and the neck located?

A

Head and neck- where the cranium and vertebra are located.

26
Q

Where is the shoulder located?

A

Shoulder- Where the scapula and humerus are located

27
Q

Where is the chest located?

A

Chest- Where the ribs and sternum are located.

28
Q

Where is the elbow located?

A

Elbow- Where the humerus, radius and ulna are located.

29
Q

Where is the hip located?

A

Hip- Where the pelvis and femur are located

30
Q

Where is the knee located?

A

Knee- Where the femur, tibia and patella are located.

31
Q

Where is the ankle located?

A

Ankle- Where the tibia, fibula and talus are located.

32
Q

Where can movement occur?

A

Movement can only occur at a joint.

33
Q

What is a ball and socket joint?

A

ball and Socket- these are joints at the shoulder and the hips, the movement of abduction and adduction occurs here.

34
Q

What is a hinge joint?

A

Hinge joint- these are joints at the knee, elbow, and ankle. The movement of flexion and extension occur here.

35
Q

What does ligament mean?

A

Ligament- Bands of fibres that are attached tot he bone and link the joints together.

36
Q

What does Tendons mean?

A

Tendons- Very strong cords that joint the muscle to the bone.

37
Q

What does Agonist mean?

A

Agonist- Muscle or group of muscles responsible for movement. The muscle working (contracting) in the antagonistic pair.

38
Q

What does Antagonist mean?

A

Antagonist- Muscles that act to produce the opposite movement to the agonist. The muscle that is relaxing in the antagonistic pair.

39
Q

What is an antagonistic pair?

A

Antagonistic Pair- A pair of muscles that work together to create movement.

40
Q

True or False

Muscles can only push

A

False- Muscles can only pull, not push.

41
Q

What does Eccentric contraction mean?

A

Eccentric Contraction- Lengthening of the muscle.

42
Q

What does Concentric Contraction mean?

A

Concentric Contraction- Shortening of the muscle.

43
Q

What main movements occur at the Biceps and triceps?

A

At the biceps and triceps any arm movement, such as throwing.

44
Q

What main movements occur at the Hamstrings and Quadriceps?

A

At the hamstrings and quadriceps movement at the legs, such as kicking.

45
Q

What main movements occur at the Deltoids?

A

At the deltoids it allows shoulder movements, used a lot in swimming.

46
Q

What main movement occurs at the Trapezius?

A

At the trapezius it helps to keep the shoulder in position, used in a soccer throw.

47
Q

What main movement occurs at the Latissimus Dorsi?

A

The latissimus Dorsi allows shoulder movement backwards, forwards, up and down.

48
Q

What main movement occurs at the pectorals?

A

At the pectorals, at the front of the upper chest; often used in throwing actions such as javelin.

49
Q

What main movements occur at the abdominals?

A

abdominals are used to allow bending and turning of the trunk section, very important for stabilising muscles relating to core strength.

Physical Education (2 decks)

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