Applied Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?
Support Protection Movement Shape/Structure Mineral Storage Blood Cell Production
What is meant by Support in the function of the skeleton?
Support= The muscles and vital organs are all kept in place and supported by various parts of the skeleton.
What is meant by protection in the function of the skeleton?
Protection= This is mainly provided by the flat bones, protects vital organs,
What is meant by movement in the function of the skeleton?
Movement= The different types of joints allow different types of movement, as do the types of bones.
What is meant by shape/structure in the function of the skeleton?
Shape/structure is provided by the skeleton and the two types of bones also affect the amount of movement. Short bones enable finer controlled movements. Long Bones enable gross movements.
What is meant by mineral storage in the function of the skeleton?
Mineral Storage= the bones themselves are made of minerals and act as a mineral store for calcium and phosphorous, which can be given up if the body requires the minerals for other functions.
What is meant by blood cell production in the function of the skeleton?
Blood Cell Production= this takes place in the bone marrow where red blood cells are formed.
What is a synovial joint?
freely movable joints
What do Synovial joints allow us to do?
allow us the free movement to perform skills and techniques during physical activity.
What are tendons in a synovial joint?
Tendons= Very strong cords that attach the muscle to the bone.
What is the cartilage in a synovial joint?
Cartilage= tough, but flexible smooth elastic tissue which prevents friction and stops bones from rubbing together.
What is the Joint capsule in a synovial joint?
encloses and supports
What is the Bursae in the synovial joint?
Bursae= Sacks of fluid which reduce friction.
What is the synovial membrane in a synovial joint?
Synovial Membrane= Secretes synovial fluid
What is the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
Synovial Fluid= provides lubrication tot he joint
What is the ligaments in a synovial joint?
Ligaments= bands of fibre which attach bone to bone
What are articulating bones?
Articulating Bones= Where two or more bones meet to allow movement at a joint.
What is a joint?
Joint- A connection point between two bones where movement occurs
What is abduction?
Abduction= Movement away from the mid line of the body
What is Adduction?
Adduction= Movement towards the mid line of the body
What is flexion?
Flexion= Decreasing the angle of the bones at a joint.
What is extension?
Extension= increasing the angle of bones at a joint
What is plantar flexion?
Plantar Flexion= Pointing the toes at the ankle/ increasing thew ankle angle.
What is rotation?
Rotation= Movement around an axis
Where are the head and the neck located?
Head and neck- where the cranium and vertebra are located.
Where is the shoulder located?
Shoulder- Where the scapula and humerus are located
Where is the chest located?
Chest- Where the ribs and sternum are located.
Where is the elbow located?
Elbow- Where the humerus, radius and ulna are located.
Where is the hip located?
Hip- Where the pelvis and femur are located
Where is the knee located?
Knee- Where the femur, tibia and patella are located.
Where is the ankle located?
Ankle- Where the tibia, fibula and talus are located.
Where can movement occur?
Movement can only occur at a joint.
What is a ball and socket joint?
ball and Socket- these are joints at the shoulder and the hips, the movement of abduction and adduction occurs here.
What is a hinge joint?
Hinge joint- these are joints at the knee, elbow, and ankle. The movement of flexion and extension occur here.
What does ligament mean?
Ligament- Bands of fibres that are attached tot he bone and link the joints together.
What does Tendons mean?
Tendons- Very strong cords that joint the muscle to the bone.
What does Agonist mean?
Agonist- Muscle or group of muscles responsible for movement. The muscle working (contracting) in the antagonistic pair.
What does Antagonist mean?
Antagonist- Muscles that act to produce the opposite movement to the agonist. The muscle that is relaxing in the antagonistic pair.
What is an antagonistic pair?
Antagonistic Pair- A pair of muscles that work together to create movement.
True or False
Muscles can only push
False- Muscles can only pull, not push.
What does Eccentric contraction mean?
Eccentric Contraction- Lengthening of the muscle.
What does Concentric Contraction mean?
Concentric Contraction- Shortening of the muscle.
What main movements occur at the Biceps and triceps?
At the biceps and triceps any arm movement, such as throwing.
What main movements occur at the Hamstrings and Quadriceps?
At the hamstrings and quadriceps movement at the legs, such as kicking.
What main movements occur at the Deltoids?
At the deltoids it allows shoulder movements, used a lot in swimming.
What main movement occurs at the Trapezius?
At the trapezius it helps to keep the shoulder in position, used in a soccer throw.
What main movement occurs at the Latissimus Dorsi?
The latissimus Dorsi allows shoulder movement backwards, forwards, up and down.
What main movement occurs at the pectorals?
At the pectorals, at the front of the upper chest; often used in throwing actions such as javelin.
What main movements occur at the abdominals?
abdominals are used to allow bending and turning of the trunk section, very important for stabilising muscles relating to core strength.
