Applied Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards
what are ligaments ?
Connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement .
What is synovial fluid ?
Lubricating liquid contained within the joint cavity . Reduces friction and nourishes articular cartilage
What is articular cartilage ?
Smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bones . Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement
What is a joint capsule ?
A fibrous sac with an inner synovial membrane . It encloses and strengthens the joint secreting synovial fluid .
What is a bursa ?
A closed, fluid-filled sac found where tendons rub over bones . Reduced friction between tendons and bones .
What are the three planes ?
Frontal Plane , Sagittal Plane , Transverse Plane
How does the sagital plane divide the body ?
Side to side
How does the Frontal Plane divide the body ?
Front to back
How does the transverse plane divide the body ?
Top to bottom
Types of joint ?
Condyloid joint, Hinge joint , Pivot joint , Ball and socket joint
What is a hinge joint ?
Bones that articulates with a trough-shaped bone held tightly by ligaments which limit sideways movement . Motion is restricted to one plane. 180 degree movement
What is a pivot joint ?
A rounded bone articulates with a ring-shaped bone which restricts motion to one plane eg tibula fibia , radio-ulnar joint . 90 degree
What is a Ball and socket joint ?
A ball-shaped head articulates with a cup-shaped socket to give a large range of motion in all three planes . 360 angle range
What is a condyloid joint ?
Similar to a ball and socket joint with flatter bone surfaces to allow motion in two planes e.g the wrist joint . Bones slide over each other
What movements occur at the sagital plane ?
Flexion and extension .
Flexion usually decreases the joint angle to the anterior. Extension increase the joint angle to the posterior of the body :c