Applied A & P

Question 1

how many pharynxes are there?

Answer 1

oro- naso- hypo-

Question 2

bacterial endocarditis prophylaxis should be administered when?

Answer 2

before surgery in patients at risk

Question 3

be able to identify the thyroid and cricoid cartilages

Answer 3

Question 4

be able to identify all of the superficial veins of the upper extremity

Answer 4

Question 5

be able to identify all of the superficial veins of the lower extremity

Answer 5

Question 6

how is the nasal passage oriented to the long axis of the patient?

Answer 6

90*

Question 7

what 2 actions does the TMJ have?

Answer 7

rotation and glide

Question 8

how many teeth does an adult with full dentition have?

Answer 8

32

Question 9

lung volumes and capacities

Answer 9

Question 10

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

Answer 10

35%

Question 11

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

Answer 11

35%

Question 12

most abundant INTRAcellular cation?

Answer 12

K+

Question 13

most abundant EXTRAcellular cation?

Answer 13

Na+

Question 14

what is the normal alanto-occipital gap angle?

Answer 14

35%

Question 15

most abundant INTRAcellular cation?

Answer 15

K+

Question 16

most abundant EXTRAcellular cation?

Answer 16

Na+

Question 17

In a standing patient, which West Zone has the highest ventillation/perfusion ratio?

Answer 17

The ventilation/perfusion ratio is higher in zone #1 (the apex of lung) when a person is standing than it is in zone #3 (the base of lung.)

Question 18

Describe the West Zones of the Lung

Answer 18

Zone 1 does not normally exist. In normal health pulmonary arterial pressure exceeds alveolar pressure in all parts of the lung. It generally only exists when a person is ventilated with positive pressure. Blood vessels are completely collapsed by alveolar pressure and blood does not flow through these regions. They become alveolar dead space.
Zone 2 is the part of the lungs about 3 cm above the heart. In this region blood flows in pulses. At first there is no flow because of obstruction at the venous end of the capillary bed. Pressure from the arterial side builds up until it exceeds alveolar pressure and flow resumes. This dissipates the capillary pressure and returns to the start of the cycle.
Zone 3 comprises the majority of the lungs in health. There is no external resistance to blood flow and blood flow is continuous throughout the cardiac cycle.

Question 19

right sided pressures, pulmonary hypertension

Answer 19

> 25 mmHg

Question 20

Why is the R IJV commonly cannulated for CVP measurements?

Answer 20

R IJVis straighter & less tortuous than the left. No subclavian artery or thoracic duct risks on R side

Question 21

hepatic perfusion and oxygenation

Answer 21

portal vein supplies 75% of liver blood flow and 25% of required O2

Question 22

oxygen tension in the heart depends on…..

Answer 22

P02, decrease in tension causes local vasodilation in order to maintain contractility and O2 delivery to poorly perfused tissue

Question 23

calculation of normal A-a difference

Answer 23

Normal on RA = less than or = 4 + Age/4
Not on RA = FiO2 x 5
Ratio of PaO2/FiO2 should be 300-500

Question 24

Which artery has little or no collateral circulation to the arm?

Answer 24

brachial