applicators knowledge Flashcards
The goal of IPM isn’t to eliminate the entire pest population but….
To avoid adverse effects on humans, wildlife and the environment
(The questions is something like the above, not sure exact wording)
What is the number of pests per plant or the amount of damage to a plant at which point control measures should begin?
Economic Threshold
What can be said about insects?
They have three pairs of jointed legs.
Which of the following is an incomplete life cycle?
Egg, nymph and adult.
The disease that is generally the result of unfavorable growing conditions, such as temperature
or moisture extremes, soil compaction, pesticide or fertilizer excess, etc..?
Noninfectious Disease
The first step in planning a successful weed control program is?
Identify the weed (scouting)
Broadleaf weeds differ from grasses how?
They have netted veins that are usually less elongated than that of grass leaves.
(This question may be the opposite, how do grasses differ from broadleaf weeds –
leaves are more elongated than wide, but I think it is the question above)
This weed germinates in the spring, develops a root system and a low-growing cluster of
leaves called a rosette?
Biennial
The part of the pesticide that kills is the?
Active ingredient
Wettable powders when mixed with water….
Require agitation
What do Surfactants do?
Decrease the surface tension of water, allowing the water carrier to spread over the
surface.
Can you mix two pesticides together if the label doesn’t specify they can be mixed?
Yes, your responsibility to make sure they retain their properties.
How can you tell two pesticides are not compatible?
The mixture may curdle, gel or become sludge like.
How long is certification valid in Illinois, before an applicator/operator must retest?
Each exam is valid for a period of up to 3 years as long as annual renewal forms are submitted.
The pre-harvest interval is the?
Amount of time that a crop can be harvested after it has been sprayed
Which of the following is on every label?
Keep out of Reach of Children.
Who can purchase Restricted Use Pesticides?
Certified Applicators or persons under their direct supervision.
What part of the label should you look under to find the minimum PPE you should wear?
Precautionary Statement.
How often should you read the pesticide label?
Every time you purchase the product- can be used up to the phase out date
The Office of Safety and Health Administration protects the nation’s workers through dissemination of information….
“Worker Right-to-Know”
Which of the following dermal exposures is the most serious?
.
When a pesticide mixed with oil crosses the skin barrier and into the bloodstream,
the results can be fatal.
If you spill highly concentrated chemicals on your cloths how should you clean them?
Don’t, dispose of them properly.
When filling, rinsing, draining, and cleaning your equipment preferably the area should have?
A wash pad, wash rack, or concrete apron with a well designed sump to catch
contaminated water.
What is the best way to get rid of excess chemical?
Dilute excess and reapply to area, but do not exceed label rates for area.
What is a major concern of drift?
Off target damage to vegetation and people
Which of the following is important to consider when purchasing and applying a pesticide?
a) The label is a legal document
b) Before you buy and apply a pesticide read the label
c) A General Use pesticide is not given a classification on the label
d) All of the above - (RIGHT ANSWER)
What is a major complaint to the Dept. of Agriculture about spraying?
Drift from farms, etc…
If you were going to spray an area and there are bee colonies with-in two miles what should you do?
Contact the bee keepers 48 hrs. in advance so the colonies can be moved
When is the best time to spray if bees are in the area?
Dawn and dusk.
Must be used with special caution near bee hives, since bees may carry them back to the hive and poison the entire colony?
Microencapsulated herbicide
How would you determine if the pesticide you are using is prone to volatilization?
Check the label, often indicates
Which of the following is an example of a surface-water advisory?
Allow a 66-foot buffer area between the application area and surface water
sources, like a stream.
Pesticide breakdown is much slower in groundwater, why?
Low oxygen and light conditions.
Which of the following influences a pesticides leaching ability?
Soil texture and organic matter.
A highly soluble pesticide is….?
Poorly adsorbed and more likely to leach
What type of nozzle sprays in a cone pattern with droplets throughout?
Solid-cone.
When raising the boom sprayer you….?
Reduce or eliminate the overlap and increase drift
What are some factors that you should think about before spraying?
Wind, temperature, droplet size.
When using a tree injection system you should?
Use low pressure and allow the tree to uptake chemical.
For treatment to be effective against perennial weeds?
Must use a translocated herbicide to control vegetative reproductive structure
What should you do if you spill chemical on your clothes?
Remove clothes, wash area thoroughly with soapy water, etc.
The PPE that you wear when applying pesticides should be laundered?
Wash as soon as possible, do not let clothes sit around.
What type of nozzle would you use for a band application?
Even flat fan or flat fan nozzle? (This was a question on the test, but couldn’t find a
concrete answer in book.)
What pump would you use if you wanted low flow rates and psi of up to 1000?
Piston
When laundering clothes that were worn while spraying…?
Launder daily (within eight hours), keep separate from other clothing and inform person washing clothes of pesticide use.
How do you proper clean your nozzles?
Move to an area where it is safe and use a nozzle brush to clean nozzles.
When tanking mixing concentrates or highly toxic sprays…?
Wear a face shield or tight fitting goggles with antifog lenses and indirect
venting.
Which substance produces gas, vapors, fumes and requires special licensing to handle?
Fumigants
Who enforces the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)?
The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
Who is responsible for enforcing the laws that regulate the use of pesticides for structural
pest control?
Illinois Department of Public Health
To purchase a “restricted” use pesticide?
Must have a current valid pesticide license or certification # must be recorded on
the retail invoice.
Lawn Care Products Application and Notice Act require?
Placement of markers immediately after application to lawn is made.
Applicators of “restricted” use pesticides must keep records for two years of what?
Product used, amount applied, size of area treated, crop, commodity and
location, date and name of applicator.
What are the types of control methods?
Cultural, mechanical, biological, chemical
What is the breakeven point at which the cost of pest control equals the revenue loss caused by a pest?
Economic injury level
What are the 4 life cycles?
Egg, larva, pupa and adult.
How many legs do mites have?
4 pairs, eight legs
What animals are not protected by law?
Starlings, house sparrows and feral pigeons
What are these symptoms: soil compaction, pesticide or fertilizer excess, temperature and moist extremes?
Noninfectious disease
What is a yellowish-green coloration in normally green tissues such as leaves?
Chlorosis
What does A.I. Stand for ?
Active ingredient
What order do you put these in a tank to mix them properly Soluble powders (SP), Wettable powders (WP) and Flowable (F)?
Fill tank 1/4 to 1/2 full with carrier.
Begin agitation.
Add utility agents if needed (buffers)
Add Dry pesticides: Wettable Powder (WP )
Add Wet pesticides: Flowable (F)
Add Solution forming pesticides: Soluble (SP)
Add Spray modifiers
Finish filling tank with carrier
(ie. from hardest to dissolve to easiest)
What happens with Wetable Powders (WP)?
They wear out pumps and nozzles
Which of the following is not a type of pesticide?
a) wettable powder
b) microencapsulated
c) surfactant - (CORRECT ANSWER)
d) soluble powder
Pesticide failure can be caused by which of the following?
a) pest resistance
b) inappropriate rate of pesticide used
c) environmental factors unfavorable for pesticide activity
d) all of the above - (CORRECT ANSWER)
What does LD 50 stand for?
Dose that kills half of the test animals (stands for lethal dose (LD) for 50%)
How do you prevent back-siphoning of pesticide back into the water supply?
Keeping an air gap or using anti-siphoning devices on garden hoses
How should you transport herbicide?
Checks to make sure all containers are not leaking. Do not transport with: Food animal feed or animal supplies. Tie down and secure containers
How should you store herbicide?
Store downwind and downhill from houses, play areas and ponds
Store away from human and livestock areas to avoid contamination in case of fire
Signs posted with a locked door
What type of exposure occurs if chemical blows onto an operator’s chest?
Dermal exposure
What is the most serious dermal exposure?
When a pesticide mixed with oil crosses the skin barrier and into the bloodstream, the results can be fatal.
When should you not spray to prevent drift?
When winds are over 10 mph, wind is blowing towards sensitive areas, winds are shifting and during periods of calm/inversion.
Which of these conditions is most likely to result in runoff?
a) Sloping areas
b) Areas with little ground cover
c) Intense rainfall
d) All of the above - (CORRECT ANSWER)
What are two ways for pesticides to move downwind to non-target areas?
By vapor drift and particle drift
What is the major complaint the Department of Agriculture receives about spraying?
Spray drift from farms
What federal agency regulated the registration of pesticides and the proper certification of pesticide applicators in the US?
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA)
What does FIFRA stand for and what agency is the lead administrative agency?
The Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act administered by the U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) that regulates pesticide use and
registration
What are cultural control practices?
Cultural practices alter the environment, the condition of the host, or the behavior of the pest to prevent or suppress an infestation.
What is one of the pest management strategies in IPM?
The goal is often to maintain pest damage at economically acceptable levels.
The goal is often to maintain pest damage at economically acceptable levels.
What would be considered a preventive pest management strategy?
Planting weed- and disease-free seed
What is true about biological control methods?
Modifying the environment to enhance natural enemies is a recommended practice in biological control.
What fact is true about regulatory pest control?
Airports and ocean ports are monitored by pest quarantine regulatory agencies
Lowering the humidity of stored grains and other food products to reduce damage from mold is an example of what type of pest management method?
Physical/environmental modification
Is it true that civil and criminal penalties can be assessed for FIFRA violations.
Yes
What federal law governs the establishment of pesticide tolerances for food and feed products?
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA)
What federal agency is responsible for registering or licensing pesticide products for use in the United States?
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
What federal law requires that all pesticides meet new safety standards?
Food Quality Protection Act (FQPA)
Does the (FQPA) require testing of pesticides for endocrine disruption potential?
Yes
State restrictions on pesticides can be more liberal than those of FIFRA?
No
The route of entry statement on a label “Extremely hazardous by skin contact — rapidly absorbed through the skin” would most likely appear with what signal word?
DANGER
The statement “Do not breathe vapors or spray mist” is an example of what?
A specific action statement
What section under FIFRA exempts from registration pesticides considered to pose minimum risk?
Section 25 (b)
What is the purpose of the signal word?
To give the user an indication of the relative acute toxicity of the product to humans and animals.
Do various manufacturers use different trade names, even though the products contain the same active ingredient?
Yes
What liquid pesticide formulation consists of a small amount of active ingredient (often 1 percent or less per unit volume) dissolved in an organic solvent?
Ready-to-use low-concentrate solutions (RTU)
What is the pesticide formulation process by which solid particles are dispersed in a liquid?
Suspension
