applications of reproduction and genetics - 2.7

Question 1

aim of human genome project

Answer 1

To improve understanding and knowledge of genetic disorders and improve their diagnosis and treatment.

Question 2

aim of 100K genome project

Answer 2

Intended to study variations in the human genome between 100 000 people in the UK.

Question 3

what type of sequencing was used in human genome project and 100K genome project

Answer 3

HGP- Sanger sequencing
100K - Next generation sequencing

Question 4

what does PCR (polymerase chain reaction) do

Answer 4

used to amplify small sections of DNA quickly

Question 5

what is gel electrophoresis used for

Answer 5

separating DNA fragments based on their size

Question 6

steps of PCR

Answer 6

1- heat DNA to 95°C to separate two strands
2- cool to 50-60°C to allow primers to anneal to DNA strands
3- heat to 70°C to allow taq polymerase to add complimentary nucleotides to strands
4- repeat many times

Question 7

steps of gel electrophoresis

Answer 7

1- load DNA samples into wells on one end and apply voltage across gel
2- DNA attracted to positive electrode due to negative phosphate group
3- smaller fragments travel further than large as easier to move through the pores
4- DNA ladder alongside allows to estimate size