Applications Flashcards
How can N2 ERP component be applied to the real-world?
Pure:
- Present during inhibition tasks
- Larger to inhibited (NoGo/Stop) stimuli than ‘Go’
- Indexes a covert inhibition process
- Reduces with age through childhood, with improved inhibition success
Applied – Level 1
- Application to inhibitory processing in AD/HD
- Reduced in AD/HD compared to controls
Applied – Level 2
- Measure of training programs success at aiding inhibition in AD/HD
How is physiology used in detection of deception?
Measures of emotional reactions may aid in detecting innocent from guilt. Idea is the physiological system will reveal the truth/realty, even if you are a good liar. Partially scientific due to the use of control conditions and objective measures of deception.
- CQT and GKT tests are 90% accurate when properly conducted and evaluated.
- Advantages of using P300 as a measure of deception is that it is not dependent on emotional responses.
what is the Control Question Test (CQT) (DOD)
Different physiological responses occur to certain questions when the person is deceptive. Relevant questions are asked along with irrelevant, or control questions and the response to relevant questions is compared to the response to irrelevant questions.
what is the Guilt Knowledge Test (GKT) (DOD)
An information test. Information only someone related to the crime would know. Critical information can produce differential physiological responses to other less relevant items. Critical information is determined then multiple-response questions are created. Physiological responses compared between actual and contrived answers.
How are auditory system tests applied?
- Brainstem evoked potential - auditory system damage in infants.
- Also able to measure ERPs in those unable to respond such as disabled, children, cerebral palsy.
- Allows early diagnosis of conditions which may be lead to speech and language problems later
- BAEP test in newborn babies
How are visual system tests applied? (3 ways)
- Assess damage at levels of visual system. ERPs and electroretinogram used with stimulation of involved eye:
o Retinal disease = ERP and ERG effected
o Optic nerve disease = ERP suppressed - Assess visual activity with ERP – ERP amplitude larger with focussed than defocussed images
- Assess colour vision deficits – Colour-defective individuals do not produce ERPs to stimuli formed of colours they could not discriminate
How is EEG and ERPs used in the diagnosis of schizophrenia?
- Increased variability in ERP responses – suggests unstable and variable thought processes
- Increased CNV – suggests neural disinhibition, i.e. brain control. Therefore, schizophrenia is over preparing for oncoming stimulus
- Decreased P300 amplitude – suggests less effective memory updating
- EEG: high beta and low alpha
How is EEG and ERPs used in the diagnosis of AD/HD?
Inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity
- Subjective behavioural indicators used for diagnosis
- Problems – reporting bias due to diagnosis seeking, lack of behavioural baseline
How is EEG and ERPs used in biofeedback? and the implications
- Information regarding physiological processes are given to individual live. E.g. blood pressure, heart-rate, EEG activity
- Key is usual lack of awareness of this activity. Individual learns to self-regulate activity
- Implications
o Are BP, HR, skin temp (ANS) really automatic and involuntary?
o Offers promise for control of disorder such as hypertension, epilepsy, AD/Hd. Offers an avenue for training and change
What is the procedure involved in biofeedback?
- Objective: train subject to produce alpha with eyes open (relaxation)
- Record EEG at site where alpha predominant
- Filter signal (8-13Hz activity)
- Provide feedback regarding desired response
- Ask subject to keep tone on as long as possible
- Train with both ‘alpha-on’ and ‘alpha-off’ (development of neural control. Goal not just to measure something and give feedback loop. Goal is to understand the reality of feedback and train it to go both ways because we don’t carry around the equipment all day. Know how it feels subjectively and what process to go through to achieve that. With repeated exposure, the association becomes stronger. Doing the physical thing to achieve a goal
How has biofeedback beed used to improve tension headaches?
Sustained contraction of skeletal muscles of forehead, scalp, neck
Neck EMG feedback reduced frequency of tension headaches
Another study found 40-60% frequency reduction
-EMG feedback and relaxation found that participant showed improvements and also changed their beliefs that the headaches were beyond their control. They had higher confidence in their abilities.
Combined physiological/psychological effect
Why is biofeedback beneficial?
- Provides objective indication of change
- Aids in convincing person that they can self-regulate physiological responses
- Relaxation - physiological change, reinforced by feedback from equipment
- Some are unable to detect tension (e.g. chronic pain sufferers)
