Appendix - Section 1.5

Question 1

Rules of Adding and Subtracting Exponents

Answer 1

Powers must be the same.

Question 2

To multiply exponents

Answer 2

Add exponents

Question 3

To divide exponents

Answer 3

Subtract exponents

Question 4

Raising exponent to a power

Answer 4

Number is raised to the power and exponent is multiplied by power.

Question 5

Elements are composed of _____.

Answer 5

Atoms

Question 6

Each element is composed of ______.

Answer 6

Unique Atoms

Question 7

Molecules are ______ atoms joined together in a specific arrangement.

Answer 7

Two or more

Question 8

Physical States of Matter

Answer 8

Solid (s), Liquid (L), Gas (G)

Question 9

States of matter can interconvert between states by varying ____ and/or ____.

Answer 9

temperature, pressure

Question 10

Gas

Answer 10

Has no fixed volume or shape and can be compressed or expanded.

Question 11

Liquid

Answer 11

Has distinct volume but no shape.

Question 12

Solid

Answer 12

has a definite shape and volume.

Question 13

Neither solids or liquids are compressable to any appreciable extent.

Answer 13

.

Question 14

A “Pure Substance”

Answer 14

• Has distinct properties
• Composition does not vary from sample to sample.
• All pure substances are elements or compounds.

Question 15

Elements

Answer 15

• Cannot be decomposed into simpler substances.

* 118 Elements known.

Question 16

Compounds

Answer 16

• Substances containing 2 or more elements.

Question 17

“Law of Constant Composition”

Answer 17

The elemental composition of a compound is always the same.

Question 18

A pure compound has the same “properties” regardless of its source.

Answer 18

Properties: melting point, boiling point, density.

Question 19

“Mixtures” are combinations of two or more substances.

Answer 19

• Each substance retains its chemical identity and properties.
• The composition of a mixture can vary.
• The “components” are the substances making up a mixture.

Question 20

Mixtures can be

Answer 20

“heterogeneous” or “homogeneous”

Question 21

Heterogeneous

Answer 21

• Composition, properties, and appearance vary throughout the sample. e.g., rock, wood.

Question 22

Homogeneous

Answer 22

• Sample uniform throughout. e.g., air, salt, sugar.
• They can also be called solutions.
• Can be s, l, or g.

Question 23

Physical Properties include

Answer 23

• M.P, B.P, density, texture, odor, hardness, taste

Question 24

Chemical Properties include

Answer 24

Describes how something reacts. Flammability and oxidation.

Question 25

“Intensive” properties

Answer 25

are INDEPENDENT of amount of substance. e.g., M.P. Density is intensive. Because its per unit volume.

Question 26

“Extensive” properties

Answer 26

Relates to amount of the substance, such as mass or volume.

Question 27

Physical Change vs, Chemical Change

Answer 27

Substances changes physical appearance but not composition. e.g., H2O evaporation.
Substance becomes chemically different. H2 burning in air.

Question 28

“Quantative” Properies

Answer 28

Associated with numbers

Question 29

“Qualitive” Properties

Answer 29

General description

Question 30

Kelvin

Answer 30

-273.15˚C (K = ˚C + 273.15k)

Question 31

1L =

Answer 31

1000mL

Question 32

1mL =

Answer 32

1 cubic cm^3

Question 33

As temperature rises, density _____.

Answer 33

lowers

Question 34

Density of air is

Answer 34

1.00 g/mL